Hand

Question 1

what type of joint are interphalangeal joints and where are they located

Answer 1

• synovial hinge joints
• found between phalanxes

Question 2

what type of joint are metacarpophalangeal joints and where are they located

Answer 2

• synovial condyloid joints
• between phalanxes and metacarpals

Question 3

what type of joint are carpometacarpal joints and where are they located

Answer 3

• synovial saddle in thumb
• synovial plane in digits
• between carpals and metacarpals

Question 4

what type of joint are intercarpal joints and where are they found

Answer 4

• synovial plane joints
• between carpal bones

Question 5

describe the palmaris brevis

Answer 5

Attachment:
- palmar aponeurosis
- flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
- dermis
Function:
- grip
Innervation:
- ulnar nerve (sup. C8-T1)

Question 6

describe the abductor pollicis brevis

Answer 6

Attachment:
- scaphoid
- trapezium
Insertion:
- base proximal phalanx of thumb
Function:
- CMC joint abduction
Innervation:
- median nerve (recurrent C8-T1)

Question 7

Describe the flexor pollicis brevis

Answer 7

Attachment:
- flexor retinaculum
- capitate
- trapezium
Insertion:
- base proximal phalanx of thumb
Function:
- CMC joint flexion
Innervation:
- median recurrent nerve

Question 8

Describe the opponens pollicis

Answer 8

Attachment:
- trapezium
Insertion:
- 1st metacarpal
Function:
- CMC joint opposition
Innervation:
- median nerve (recurrent C8-T1)

Question 9

describe the adductor pollicis (transverse head)

Answer 9

Attachment:
- 3rd metacarpal
Insertion:
- base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Function:
- adduction of CMC joint of thumb
- flexion of MCP joint of thumb
Innervation:
- ulnar nerve (deep C8-T1)

Question 10

describe the adductor pollicis (oblique head)

Answer 10

Attachment:
- capitate and 2nd/3rd metacarpals
Insertion:
- base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Function:
- adduction of CMC joint of thumb
- flexion of MCP joint of thumb
Innervation:
- ulnar nerve (deep C8-T1)

Question 11

describe the abductor digiti minimi

Answer 11

Attachment:
- pisiform bone
Insertion:
- base of 5th phalanx and dorsal digital expansion
Function:
- abduction and flexion MCP joint little finger
Innervation:
- ulnar nerve (deep C8-T1)

Question 12

describe the flexor digiti minimi

Answer 12

Attachment:
- hamate
- flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
- base of 5th proximal phalanx
Function:
- flex MCP joint of little finger
Innervation:
- ulnar nerve (deep C8-T1)

Question 13

describe the opponens digiti minimi

Answer 13

Attachment:
- hamate
- flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
- 5th metacarpal
Function:
- weak opposition of little finger
Innervation:
- ulnar nerve (deep C8-T1)

Question 14

describe the lumbricals

Answer 14

• small muscles from tendons off flexor digitorum profundus
• 1st, 2nd unipennate
• 3rd, 4th, bipennate
  Insertion:
• dorsal digital expansion
  Function:
• MCP joint flexion
• IP joint extension
• digits 2-4
  Innervation:
• 1st & 2nd = median nerve (digital C8-T1)
• 3rd & 4th = ulnar nerve (deep C8-T1)

Question 15

describe the palmer interossei

Answer 15

between metacarpal bones
Attachment
- 1st from 2nd metacarpal
- 2nd from 4th metacarpal
- 3rd from 5th metacarpal
Insertion:
- 1st to base of 2nd proximal phalanx and dorsal expansion
- 2nd to base of 4th proximal phalanx and dorsal expansion
- 3rd to bas of 5th proximal phalanx and dorsal expansion
Function:
- adduction towards middle finger
- flex MCP
- extend IP
Innervation:
- ulnar nerve (deep C8-T1)

Question 16

describe the dorsal interossei

Answer 16

Attachment:
- from sides of 2 adjacent metacarpals
Insertion:
- 1st into 2nd proximal phalanx and dorsal digital expansion
- 2nd & 3rd into 3rd proximal phalanx and dorsal digital expansion
- 4th into 4th proximal phalanx and dorsal digital expansion
Function:
- abduction
- MCP flexion
- IP extension
Innervation:
- ulnar nerve (deep C8-T1)

Question 17

what arteries anastomose to supply the hand

Answer 17

• radial and ulnar arteries

Question 18

what are the 2 palmer arches

Answer 18

• superficial
• deep

Question 19

describe the superficial arch

Answer 19

mostly from ulnar artery

Question 20

describe the deep arch

Answer 20

• mostly from radial artery

Question 21

what lies on the lateral surfaces of the fingers

Answer 21

• digital branches

Question 22

where does the radial artery pass through to anastomose with the ulnar artery

Answer 22

• through anatomical snuffbox (over scaphoid & trapezium)
• passes through heads of adductor pollicis

Question 23

where does the ulnar artery pass through to anastomose with the radial artery

Answer 23

enters the hand with the ulnar nerve

Question 24

what is a synovial sheath

Answer 24

synovial membrane + fluid

Question 25

where are synovial sheaths found

Answer 25

- around tendons at wrist, palm and into digits

Question 26

what digits does the median nerve supply

Answer 26

anterior 1st, 2nd and 3rd - half of 4th digit

Question 27

what digits does the ulnar nerve supply

Answer 27

anterior and posterior half of 4th digit and 5th digit

Question 28

what digits does the radial nerve supply

Answer 28

posterior 1st, 2nd and 3rd - half of 4th