Hand Flashcards

1
Q

what type of joint are interphalangeal joints and where are they located

A
  • synovial hinge joints
  • found between phalanxes
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2
Q

what type of joint are metacarpophalangeal joints and where are they located

A
  • synovial condyloid joints
  • between phalanxes and metacarpals
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3
Q

what type of joint are carpometacarpal joints and where are they located

A
  • synovial saddle in thumb
  • synovial plane in digits
  • between carpals and metacarpals
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4
Q

what type of joint are intercarpal joints and where are they found

A
  • synovial plane joints
  • between carpal bones
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5
Q

describe the palmaris brevis

A

Attachment:
- palmar aponeurosis
- flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
- dermis
Function:
- grip
Innervation:
- ulnar nerve (sup. C8-T1)

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6
Q

describe the abductor pollicis brevis

A

Attachment:
- scaphoid
- trapezium
Insertion:
- base proximal phalanx of thumb
Function:
- CMC joint abduction
Innervation:
- median nerve (recurrent C8-T1)

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7
Q

Describe the flexor pollicis brevis

A

Attachment:
- flexor retinaculum
- capitate
- trapezium
Insertion:
- base proximal phalanx of thumb
Function:
- CMC joint flexion
Innervation:
- median recurrent nerve

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8
Q

Describe the opponens pollicis

A

Attachment:
- trapezium
Insertion:
- 1st metacarpal
Function:
- CMC joint opposition
Innervation:
- median nerve (recurrent C8-T1)

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9
Q

describe the adductor pollicis (transverse head)

A

Attachment:
- 3rd metacarpal
Insertion:
- base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Function:
- adduction of CMC joint of thumb
- flexion of MCP joint of thumb
Innervation:
- ulnar nerve (deep C8-T1)

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10
Q

describe the adductor pollicis (oblique head)

A

Attachment:
- capitate and 2nd/3rd metacarpals
Insertion:
- base of proximal phalanx of thumb
Function:
- adduction of CMC joint of thumb
- flexion of MCP joint of thumb
Innervation:
- ulnar nerve (deep C8-T1)

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11
Q

describe the abductor digiti minimi

A

Attachment:
- pisiform bone
Insertion:
- base of 5th phalanx and dorsal digital expansion
Function:
- abduction and flexion MCP joint little finger
Innervation:
- ulnar nerve (deep C8-T1)

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12
Q

describe the flexor digiti minimi

A

Attachment:
- hamate
- flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
- base of 5th proximal phalanx
Function:
- flex MCP joint of little finger
Innervation:
- ulnar nerve (deep C8-T1)

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13
Q

describe the opponens digiti minimi

A

Attachment:
- hamate
- flexor retinaculum
Insertion:
- 5th metacarpal
Function:
- weak opposition of little finger
Innervation:
- ulnar nerve (deep C8-T1)

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14
Q

describe the lumbricals

A
  • small muscles from tendons off flexor digitorum profundus
  • 1st, 2nd unipennate
  • 3rd, 4th, bipennate
    Insertion:
  • dorsal digital expansion
    Function:
  • MCP joint flexion
  • IP joint extension
  • digits 2-4
    Innervation:
  • 1st & 2nd = median nerve (digital C8-T1)
  • 3rd & 4th = ulnar nerve (deep C8-T1)
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15
Q

describe the palmer interossei

A

between metacarpal bones
Attachment
- 1st from 2nd metacarpal
- 2nd from 4th metacarpal
- 3rd from 5th metacarpal
Insertion:
- 1st to base of 2nd proximal phalanx and dorsal expansion
- 2nd to base of 4th proximal phalanx and dorsal expansion
- 3rd to bas of 5th proximal phalanx and dorsal expansion
Function:
- adduction towards middle finger
- flex MCP
- extend IP
Innervation:
- ulnar nerve (deep C8-T1)

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16
Q

describe the dorsal interossei

A

Attachment:
- from sides of 2 adjacent metacarpals
Insertion:
- 1st into 2nd proximal phalanx and dorsal digital expansion
- 2nd & 3rd into 3rd proximal phalanx and dorsal digital expansion
- 4th into 4th proximal phalanx and dorsal digital expansion
Function:
- abduction
- MCP flexion
- IP extension
Innervation:
- ulnar nerve (deep C8-T1)

17
Q

what arteries anastomose to supply the hand

A
  • radial and ulnar arteries
18
Q

what are the 2 palmer arches

A
  • superficial
  • deep
19
Q

describe the superficial arch

A

mostly from ulnar artery

20
Q

describe the deep arch

A
  • mostly from radial artery
21
Q

what lies on the lateral surfaces of the fingers

A
  • digital branches
22
Q

where does the radial artery pass through to anastomose with the ulnar artery

A
  • through anatomical snuffbox (over scaphoid & trapezium)
  • passes through heads of adductor pollicis
23
Q

where does the ulnar artery pass through to anastomose with the radial artery

A

enters the hand with the ulnar nerve

24
Q

what is a synovial sheath

A

synovial membrane + fluid

25
where are synovial sheaths found
- around tendons at wrist, palm and into digits
26
what digits does the median nerve supply
anterior 1st, 2nd and 3rd - half of 4th digit
27
what digits does the ulnar nerve supply
anterior and posterior half of 4th digit and 5th digit
28
what digits does the radial nerve supply
posterior 1st, 2nd and 3rd - half of 4th