Axilla and Brachial Plexus Flashcards
what is the clavipectoral fascia
- encloses subclavius and pectoralis minor
- suspensory ligament to fascial floor of axilla
what are the boundaries of the axilla
ant. wall = pectoralis maj. & min. , subclavius, fascia
floor = skin and into arm
roof = 1st rib, clavicle, scapula
post. wall = subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, long head of triceps brachii
lateral wall = humerus
medial wall = serratus anterior, thorax wall
what are the contents of the axilla
- vessels, nerves, lymphatics
- short head of biceps and coracobrachialis
- lymph nodes for upper limb and mammary tissue
- adipose tissue
describe the axillary vein
- anterior to axillary artery
- becomes subclavian at lat. border rib 1
- joined by cephalic (sup.) and brachial veins
describe the basilic vein
- drains posterio-medial surface hand and forearm
- becomes axillary vein in lower portion in teres major
describe the axillary artery
from subclavian (lat. margin rib 1) to brachial (inf. margin teres major)
describe the 1st part of the axillary artery
- proximal to pectoralis min.
= SUPERIOR THORACIC ARTERY
describe the 2nd part of the axillary artery
- post. to pectoralis min.
= THORACOACROMIAL AND LAT. THORACIC ARTERY
describe the 3rd part of the axillary artery
- distal to pectoralis min.
= SUBSCAPULAR, ANT. & POST. CIRCUMFLEX HUMERAL ARTERIES
what areas do the humeral lymph nodes drain
drain upper limb
- posterior to axillary vein
what areas do the pectoral lymph nodes drain
drain thorax and mammary tissue
- inferior margin of pectoralis minor
what areas do the subscapular lymph nodes drain
back, shoulder, and neck
- posterior axillary wall
what areas do the central lymph nodes drain
they communicate with other nodes
- axillary fat
what areas do the apical lymph nodes drain
drain other nodes and mammary tissue
- superior margin of pectoralis minor
what are the nerve roots of the brachial plexus
C5-8 in neck
T1 and thoracic inlet
ANTERIOR RAMI C5-T1
describe the nerve roots of the brachial plexus
- roots receive grey rami communicantes
- carry post-ganglionic sympathetic fibres
where do the nerves pass of the brachial plexus pass through
- posterior triangle of the neck
- pass between the ant. and mid scalene muscles
what are the roots of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus
C5,6 anterior rami
what are the roots of the middle trunk of the brachial plexus
C7 anterior rami
what are the roots of the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus
C8-T1 anterior rami
where does the brachial plexus enter the axilla
passes over rib 1 and enter the axilla
what nerves come from the C5 root
- phrenic nerve
- dorsal scapular nerve
what nerve comes from the C5-7 roots
- long thoracic nerve
what nerve roots come from the C5,6 roots (SUPERIOR TRUNK)
- suprascapular nerve
- nerve to subclavius
