Heart Flashcards

1
Q

what happens to the phrenic nerves as they move towards the diaphragm

A

they become associated with the pericardium

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2
Q

describe the fibrous pericardium

A
  • tough CT
  • blends with tunica adventitia of great vessels (sup.)
  • continuous with central tendon of diaphragm (inf.)
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3
Q

describe the serous pericardium

A
  • line inside of fibrous pericardium (parietal)
  • reflected onto heart surface (serous)
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4
Q

what creates the 2 cardiac sinuses

A

arrangement of the serous pericardium

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5
Q

describe the transverse sinus

A
  • arises due to development from heart tube
  • narrow channel between inflow and outflow tubes
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6
Q

describe the oblique sinus

A
  • posterior to heart
  • veins of either side
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7
Q

what is the ligamentum arteriosum

A

fibrous remnant of the ductus arteriosus

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8
Q

what is the embryological function of the ductus arteriosus

A

allows communication between aorta and pulmonary trunk

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9
Q

what nerve runs posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum

A

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

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10
Q

where does the arterial supply of the heart come from

A

ascending aorta

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11
Q

what are the right coronary branches of the ascending aorta

A
  • SA nodal
  • right marginal
  • posterior interventricular
  • AV nodal
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12
Q

what areas do the right coronary artery branches supply

A
  • R. atrium
  • most R. ventricle
  • SA and AV nodes
  • post. 1/3 of IV septum
  • part of L. ventricle
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13
Q

what are the left coronary branches of the ascending aorta

A
  • anterior interventricular (LAD) –> diagonal artery
  • circumflex artery –> left marginal
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14
Q

what areas do the left coronary artery supply

A
  • L. atrium
  • most of L. ventricle
  • ant. 2/3 IV septum
  • AV bundle
  • part of R. ventricle
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15
Q

Describe venous drainage of the heart

A

all veins drain to coronary sinus
EXCEPTION - anterior cardiac veins drain directly to R. atrium

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16
Q

function and location of crista terminalis

A
  • conducts electrical signals from SA node to AV node
  • located sup. in R. atrium
17
Q

function and location of musculi pectinati

A

increase contraction in atria

18
Q

function and location of sinus venarum

A
  • smooth
  • R. atrium
  • connects sup. and inf. vena cava
19
Q

Describe the features of the left atrium

A
  • featureless
  • smooth
20
Q

what type of valve is found in between the left atrium and ventricle

A

mitral valve

21
Q

what type of valve is found between the right atrium and ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

22
Q

function and location of chordae tendineae

A
  • anchor atrioventricular valve
  • found on ventricle wall
23
Q

function and location of papillary muscle

A
  • prevent valves from opening when ventricles contract
24
Q

function and location of trabeculae carnae

A
  • most likely function is to prevent suction
  • muscular ridges on wall
25
where are semilunar valves found
in the vessels
26
what is the function of heart valves
- prevent backflow of blood
27
what happens when semi lunar valves experience low pressure
they close
28
what happens when cuspid valves experience high pressure
they close
29
describe the fibrous skeleton of the heart
- support for the valves - electrical insulation between atria and ventricles
30
describe autonomic innervation of the heart
- from cardiac plexus to SA node
31
describe parasympathetic innervation of the heart
- Vagus nerve - intrinsic ganglia - acts to decrease HR
32
describe sympathetic innervation of the heart
- T1-5/6 spinal levels - cervical and superior thoracic paravertebral ganglia (sympathetic chain) - acts to increase HR