Muscles of the Back

Question 1

where do the superficial extrinsic muscles connect

Answer 1

appendicular skeleton

Question 2

what are the intermediate extrinsic muscles

Answer 2

superficial respiratory muscles

Question 3

what are the features of the trapezius

Answer 3

Attachment:
- medial 1/3 superior nuchal line
- nuchal ligament
- spinous process C7-T12
Insertion:
- lateral clavicle
- acromion
- spine of scapula
Innervation:
- spinal accessory (XI)

Question 4

what are the features of the latissimus dorsi

Answer 4

Attachment:
- spinous processes T7-12
- thoracolumbar fascia
- iliac crest
- lower 3/4 ribs
Insertion:
- edge of bicipital groove of humerus
Innervation:
- thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)

Question 5

what are the features of the rhomboid major

Answer 5

Attachment:
- Spinous processes T2-5
Insertion:
- Medial border scapula
Innervation:
- Dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5)

Question 6

what are the features of the rhomboid minor

Answer 6

Attachment:
- nuchal ligament
- spinous processes C7-T1
Insertion:
- medial end of spine of scapula
Innervation:
- dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5)

Question 7

what are the features of the levator scapulae

Answer 7

Attachment:
- posterior tubercles transverse processes C1-4
Insertion:
- medial border of scapula above spine
Innervation:
- cervical nerves C3,4
- dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5)

Question 8

what are the features of the serratus posterior superior

Answer 8

Attachment:
- nuchal ligament
- spinous processes C7-T3
Insertion:
- superior borders ribs 2-4
Innervation
- intercostal nerves 2-5

Question 9

what are the features of the serratus posterior inferior

Answer 9

Attachment:
- spinous processes T11-L2
Insertion:
- inferior borders ribs 8-12 near angle
Innervation:
- ant. rami T9-12

Question 10

what are the functions of the deep back muscles (intrinsic muscles of the back)

Answer 10

• maintain posture
• control movements of vertebral column

Question 11

describe the splenius capitis

Answer 11

• superficial intrinsic muscle
  Attachment:
• nuchal ligament and spinous processes (C7-T3/4)
  Insertion:
• mastoid process
• lateral 1/3 sup. nuchal line

Question 12

describe the splenius cervicis

Answer 12

• superficial intrinsic muscle
  Attachment:
• nuchal ligament and spinous processes (C7-T3/4)
  Insertion:
• tubercles of transverse processes C1-3/4

Question 13

what are the 3 intermediate intrinsic muscles

Answer 13

Erector spinae muscles (lat. - med.)
- Iliocostalis
- longissimus
- spinalis

Question 14

what is the comment proximal attachment of the erector spinae muscles

Answer 14

• post. iliac crest
• post. sacrum and sacroiliac ligaments
• sp. processes of sacral & lower lumber vertebrae
• supraspinous ligament

Question 15

describe the iliocostalis

Answer 15

• lumborum, thoracis, cervicis parts
  Insertion:
• angles of lower ribs
• cervical transverse processes

Question 16

describe the longissimus

Answer 16

• thoracis, cervicis, capitis parts
  Insertion:
• ribs between tubercles and angles
• thoracic and cervical transverse processes
• mastoid process

Question 17

describe the spinalis

Answer 17

• thoracis, cervicis, capitis parts
  Insertion:
• upper thoracic spinous processes
• cranium

OFTEN POORLY DEVELOPED

Question 18

What are the deep intrinsic muscles

Answer 18

• semispinalis
• multifidus
• rotatores
• levator costarum
• interspinale
• intertransversari

Question 19

describe the semispinalis

Answer 19

• thoracis, cervicis, capitis parts
  Attachment:
• transverse processes C4-T12
  Insertion:
• occipital bone
• thoracic and cervical spinous processes

Question 20

describe the multifidus

Answer 20

• thickest in lumbar region
• lie on top of rotatores
• fibres pass superomedially to spinous processes 2-4 vertebrae above

Question 21

describe the rotatores

Answer 21

• well developed in thoracic region
• lie below multifidus
• fibres pass superomedially to junction of lamina and transverse process 1/2 vertebrae above

Question 22

where are the levator costarum muscles located

Answer 22

in the thoracic region

Question 23

describe the interspinale muscles

Answer 23

• well developed in cervical and lumber regions

Question 24

describe the intertransversarii muscles

Answer 24

• well developed in cervical and lumbar regions