Superior Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior mediastinum

A
  • manubrium
  • bodies of T1-4 vertebrae
  • transverse thoracic plane
  • thoracic inlet
  • parietal pleura
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2
Q

What are the contents of the superior mediastinum

A
  • thymus
  • brachiocephalic veins
  • SVC
  • arch of aorta
  • trachea
  • oesophagus
  • phrenic/vagus nerves
  • lymphatics
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3
Q

describe the great vessels and branches (VEINS)

A
  • R & L brachiocephalic veins
  • drain head, neck, and upper limb
  • empty into the SVC
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4
Q

Describe the branches of the arch of aorta

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk –> R. subclavian, R. common carotid artery
  • left common carotid artery
  • left subclavian
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5
Q

describe the location of the right vagus nerve

A

anterior the the right subclavian artery

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6
Q

describe the location of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve

A

loops under the right subclavian artery

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7
Q

describe the location of the left vagus nerve

A

between left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery

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8
Q

describe the location of the left recurrent nerve

A
  • loops under the arch of aorta
  • posterior to ligamentum arteriosum
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9
Q

describe the branches of the vagus nerves

A
  • cardiac plexus deep to arch of aorta
  • R. & L. pulmonary plexus on R. & L. main bronchi
  • Oesophageal plexus
  • continue as ant./post. vagal trunks
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10
Q

what is the nerve root of the phrenic nerve

A
  • anterior rami C3,4,5
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11
Q

describe the location of the right phrenic nerve

A
  • runs along side R. brachiocephalic vein, SVC and pericardium over R. atrium
  • anterior to root of R. lung
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12
Q

describe the location of the left phrenic nerve

A
  • lies between L. subclavian artery and vein
  • left of the arch of aorta
  • anterior to vagus nerve
  • anterior to root of L. lung
  • on surface of pericardium over L. atrium and ventricle
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13
Q

where does the trachea begin

A

C6/7 below larynx

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14
Q

where does the trachea divide

A

at the carina

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15
Q

where is the trachealis muscle located

A

posterior aspect
- allows expansion of oesophagus

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16
Q

describe the oesophagus

A
  • fibromuscular tube
17
Q

at what vertebral does the oesophagus begin

A

C6 as continuation of the pharynx

18
Q

what are the 3 constrictions of the oesophagus

A
  • arch of aorta
  • left bronchus
  • diaphragm (T10)