THORACIC Section 1: Anatomy

Question 1

Identify “The black hole”

The main pulmonary artery on the right passes 1____ to the right main bronchus, whereas the left pulmonary artery passes 2. ___ - hooking up and over the left main bronchus.

Answer 1

Left upper lobe bronchus

The main pulmonary artery on the right passes 1.) anterior to the right main bronchus, whereas the left pulmonary artery passes 2.) posteriorly - hooking up and over the left main bronchus.

Question 2

This is the dark triangle behind the trachea on a lateral chest radiograph.

Answer 2

Retrotracheal Triangle (Raider Triangle)

Question 3

An opacity in the Raider Triangle is an

Answer 3

Aberrant right subclavian artery.

Question 4

How many layers of pleura are there?

Answer 4

4

Question 5

Variant Airway Anatomy:

1. Bronchus that comes right off the trachea (prior to bifurcation into right and left mainstem).

Answer 5

Pig Bronchus (Tracheal Bronchus)

Question 6

Recurrent RUL pneumonia in a kid.

Answer 6

Pig Bronchus (Tracheal Bronchus):

Question 7

Bronchus that comes off bronchus intermedius, opposite to the origin of the right upper lobe bronchus.

Answer 7

Cardiac Bronchus

Question 8

The mediastinum is classically divided into 1. ___ Sections.

Name them

Answer 8

4 Sections

Superior
Anterior
Middle
Posterior

Question 9

What is the most anterior structure in the superior mediastinum?

Answer 9

Thymus

Question 10

The inferior border of the superior mediastinum is drawn from 1. ___ to 2. ____.

Answer 10

1. Sternal-manubrial junction to 2. T4

Question 11

Name the structures in the superior mediastinum.

Answer 11

1. Great vessels of the heart
2. Bulk of the thymus (in kids)
3. Upper thoracic duct
4. Top of the phrenic nerves
5. Sympathetic trunk
6. Top of the esophagus
7. Trachea

Question 12

what structures are included in the MIDDLE mediastinum

Answer 12

1. Heart
2. Pericardium
3. Roots of the central vessels
4. Bifurcation of the trachea
5. Phrenic nerves

Question 13

The posterior mediastinum starts from 1. _____ to the 2.____.

Answer 13

Back of the heart to the spine.

Question 14

What does the posterior mediastinum contain

Answer 14

1. Esophagus
2. Lower thoracic duct
3. Descending aorta

Question 15

You can be born with extra pulmonary veins. They don’t give you super powered endurance but can cause ____ ?

Answer 15

A-fib (Sleeves around the veins can be arryhthmogenic)

Question 16

The most common supernumerary vein.

Answer 16

Right middle

Question 17

The most common vein sleeve to cause a-fib.

Answer 17

Left superior

Question 18

Pulmonarv veins can
merge with each other
before reaching the left
atrium.

Answer 18

Common Ostia of the Pulmonary Veins

Question 19

The Common Ostia of the Pulmonary Veins is typically composed of 1. _____ and 2. _______

Answer 19

1. Left superior pulmonary vein
2. Left inferior pulmonary vein

Question 20

The Common Ostia of the pulmonary veins can be difficult to separate if not identified on pre-op CT resulting in ____ ?

Answer 20

The Common Ostia can be difficult to separate if not identified on pre-op CT resulting in ACCIDENTAL LIGATION DURING SURGERY