Thoracic Region Flashcards
What features will allow discrimination between T2-T4 and T5-T8 segmental groups?
Vertebral Body
Transverse Process
Articular Process
Spinous Process
What is the outline of the vertebral body of a typical thoracic from superior view?
Triangular
On cranial view, what is the outline of the vertebral body for the T5-T8 group?
Left side of vertebral body will be flattened
Right side will be convex
What is the name given to the L side appearance of the vertebral body of T5-T8?
Aortic Impression
What part of the vertebral body is most influenced by the aorta at T5-T8?
The L side superior and inferior epiphyseal rims
What is the height pattern of the typical thoracic vertebral body?
The posterior height is greater than the anterior height by 1-2 mm.
What is the height pattern of intervertebral discs in the typical thoracic region?
The intervertebral disc are rather planar or flat with no apparent height difference between anterior and posterior heights
What is the principal cause of the posterior curve of the thoracic spine?
Vertebral body height differences
What is another way of naming a posterior curve pattern?
Kyphotic Curve
What joint classifications are identified at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) Syndesmosis
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) Symphysis
Synovial Plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
How many synovial joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
Four
How many symphysis joints are formed with the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
Two
How many syndesmosis joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
Typically 4
8 if costocentral stellate/radiate ligaments included
How many joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
Typically 10
14 if costocental stellate/radiate ligaments included
What is the name given to the joint formed between the vertebral body and rib?
Costocentral Joint
How many costocentral joints are formed at the vertebral body of a typical thoracic?
4
Which of the demi-facets on the vertebral body of a typical thoracic is larger?
The superior costal demi-facet
What feature will provide assistance in maintaining the stability of the intervertebral foramen in the typical thoracics?
The costocentral joint or Ribs
What ligaments support the costocentral joint?
Costocentral stellate/radiate ligament
Costocentral interarticular/intra-articular ligament
What does the costocentral intra-articular or interarticular ligament connect to?
Interarticular or Intra-articular crest of head of the rib
Intervertebral Disc
What is the size relationship between the articulating surface of the head of the rib and the costal demo-facet surface?
The rib surface is greater than the costal demi-facet surface
Which muscle is attached to the vertebral body of T2-T3?
Longus Colli
What is the position and direction of the pedicle from the typical thoracic vertebral body?
Pedicle arises from the upper third of the vertebral body and projects posterior and slightly lateral
What is the angulation of the pedicle in the typical thoracic region?
10-15 degrees posterolateral from sagittal plane
Which x-ray view is used to see into the TVF of a typical thoracic?
Lateral View
What is overlap of the lamina called in the typical thoracic region?
Shingling
What is the outline of the vertebral foramen in the typical thoracic region?
Oval to Circular
In which plane will the size of the vertebral foramen of a typical thoracic be greatest?
Transverse plane
Vertebral transverse diameter
What are the osseous parts of the costotransverse joint?
Transverse costal facet
Articular surface of the tubercle of a rib
What ligaments support the costotransverse joint of a typical thoracic?
Superior costotransverse ligament
Inferior costotransverse ligament
Lateral costotransverse ligament
What muscles may attach to the transverse process of a typical thoracic?
Longissimus Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis Semispinalis Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis Multifidus Rotator Longus, Brevis Intertransversarii Levator Costarum Longus, Brevis
How can you distinguish between T2-T4 from T5-T8 segment using the articular process on T2-T4?
T2-T4: Width between superior articular process is greater than width between inferior articular process of that vertebrae.
How can you distinguish between T2-T4 from T5-T8 segment using the articular process on T5-T8?
T5-T8: Width between superior articular process is equal to or the same as the width between inferior articular process of that vertebra
What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of a typical thoracic?
Backward Upward Lateral (BUL)
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of a typical thoracic?
Forward Downward Medial (ForMeD)
How many synovial joints are present at a typical thoracic?
10
How many synovial joint surfaces for ribs are present on a typical thoracic?
6
Identify the synovial joint surfaces for the ribs that are present on a typical thoracic?
2 Superior costal demi-facets
2 Inferior costal demi-facets
2 Transverse costal facets
What is the name given to the overlap of spinous processes in the thoracic region?
Imbrication
Imbrication will be more pronounced for what region of the thoracics?
T5-T8
Which thoracic has the longest spinous process?
T8
What is the angulation of the spinous process in the typical thoracic region?
T2-T4: undersurface of spinous process will angle up 40 degrees from horizontal plane
T5-T8: undersurface of spinous process will angle up 60 degrees from horizontal plane
What muscles may attach to spinous process of a typical thoracic?
Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi Rhomboid Major Serratus Posterior Superior Splenius Cervicis, Capitis Spinalis Thoracis, Cervicis, Capitis Semispinalis Thoracis Mutifidus Rotator Longus, Brevis Interspinalis
