Atypical Cervical Vertebrae: C2/Axis/Epistropheus Flashcards
What names are given to C2?
Axis
Epistropheus
What unique vertebral body modification is characteristic of C2?
Dens or Odontoid Process
How many joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?
5
What joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?
Facet of Fovea Dentis
Groove for transverse atlantal ligament
Attachment sites for the alar ligament
Attachment site for apical dental ligament
Which joint classifications are represented at the odontoid process of C2?
Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint Synovial Pivot (diarthrosis trochoid) joint
What name is given to the odontoid process when the facet for the fovea dents lies above the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament and the attachment sites for the apical dental and alar ligaments appear to be directed posterior?
Lordotic Dens
What is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for the fovea dents lies below the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament and the attachment sites for the apical-dental and alar ligaments appear to be directed anterior?
Kyphotic Dens
What joint surfaces are present at the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?
Anterior Lip
Posterior Lip
R and L Lateral Grooves
Cancellous Bone
How many joints are formed by the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?
5
What joint classifications are present at the inferior part of the vertebral body of C2?
Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) Syndesmosis
Modified Synovial Saddle (diarthrosis seller)
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) Symphysis
How many joint surfaces are present at the vertebral body of C2?
10
What joint classification are present at the vertebral body of C2?
Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) Syndesmosis
Synovial Pivot (diarthrosis trochoid)
Modified Synovial Saddle (diarthrosis seller)
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) Symphysis
What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal above C2?
Membrana Tectoria
What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal below C2?
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
What lies on the upper surface of the pedicle of C2?
Superior Articular Process
What is the location of the superior vertebral notch of C2?
On the lamina-pedicle junction
What attaches to the lamina of C2?
Obliquus capitis inferior muscle
Posterior atlanto-axial ligament
Ligamentum flavum
What is the appearance of the superior articular facets of C2?
They are asymmetrical and slightly convex
What is the facet orientation of the superior articular facet of C2?
Backward, Upward, Lateral (BUL)
What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of C2?
Forward, Lateral, Down (FoLD)
What is the classifications of the zygapophyseal joints of C2?
Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) Joint
What osseous parts of the typical cervical transverse process are present at C2?
Costal Element
Posterior Tubercle
True Transverse Process
What is the gender variation for the transverse diameter of C2?
Males: 57mm
Females: 50mm
What muscles attach to the transverse process at C2?
Levator Scapulae Middle Scalene Splenius Cervicis Longissimus Cervicis Intertransversarii
What muscles attach to the spinous process of C2?
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Obliquus Capitis Inferior Spinalis Cervicis Semispinalis Cervicis Multifidus Rotators Interspinalis Muscles
