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Spinal Exam 2 > Curvatures of the Column > Flashcards

Curvatures of the Column Flashcards

1
Q

What embryonic event causes the direction of the posterior curve of the vertebral column?

A

Embryonic Disc will undergo flexion in a cranial to caudal direction

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2
Q

Why is the posterior curve also called the primary curve?

A

It is the first curve to appear embryologically

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3
Q

What are the adult remnants of the primary curve along the vertebral column?

A

Thoracic or Dorsal Curve

Pelvic or Sacrococcygeal Curve

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4
Q

What are the names given to curves that form during development to reverse the direction of regions along the vertebral column?

A

Anterior Curve
Secondary Curve
Compensatory Curve

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5
Q

What are the names of the anterior curves, secondary curves and compensatory curves?

A

Cervical Curves

Lumbar Curve

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6
Q

What segmental levels form the cervical curve?

A

C2-T1

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7
Q

What segmental levels form the lumbar curve?

A

T12-L5

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8
Q

What is the earliest time of appearance of the cervical curve

A

Third Fetal Month

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9
Q

What is the traditional time of appearance of the cervical curve said to be?

A

During last trimester in utero

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10
Q

What is the time during which the adult cervical curve is said to appear?

A

Within the first year after birth

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11
Q

What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult cervical curve?

A
  1. Centers for vision and equilibrium will appear in brain
  2. Musculature attaching to skull, cervical region, and upper thorax together develops
  3. Head is held upright
  4. Intervertebral disc height becomes greater anterior than posterior
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12
Q

At what age will the infant begin to hold the head erect?

A

Usually between the 3rd and 4th month after birth

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13
Q

What is the name given to the integration of visual and motor pathways associated with holding the head erect?

A

The righting reflex

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14
Q

What is the location for the apex of the cervical curve?

A

Typically between C4 and C5

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15
Q

What is the location for the cervical kyphosis?

A

Between Occiput and C1

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16
Q

What is the vertebral relationship between the cervical curve and the cervical enlargement?

A

Cervical Curve C2-T1

Cervical Enlargement C3-T1

17
Q

What is the time of appearance of the lumbar curve?

A

Between 12 and 18 months after birth

18
Q

What infant activities are associated with the developmental of the lumbar curve?

A

Crawling and Walking`

19
Q

What developmental events are indicated in the formation of the adult lumbar curve?

A
  1. Crawling will cause the abdomen to put tension on the lumbar region and pulls it forward
  2. Muscle development is promoted to compensate for the swayback of the lumbars
  3. Intervertebral disc height will become greater anterior compared to posterior
  4. Walking will further promote muscle and intervertebral disc development
20
Q

Which sense is a requirement for holding the head erect, standing, sitting, and walking?

A

Vision

21
Q

What is the gender bias associated with lumbar curve convexity?

A

Females have a greater convexity of the lumbar curve

22
Q

What is the vertebral relationship between the lumbar curve and lumbar enlargement?

A

Lumbar Curve T12-L5

Lumbar Enlargement T9-T12

23
Q

What is the formation of the lateral curve often correlated with?

A

Faster development of the muscles on the side of handedness

24
Q

What is the time of appearance of the lateral curves?

A

Appear after 6 years old

25
Q

Which lateral curves are best developed?

A

Thoracic or Dorsal

Lumbar

26
Q

What is the relationship between curve direction and handedness?

A

R handed person has a high probability for a R thoracic, L lumbar curve combination

27
Q

What is the incidence of a R thoracic, L lumbar curve combination in the population?

A

About 80% of the population demonstrates this

Spinal Exam 2 (27 decks)

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