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Spinal Exam 2 > Atypical Cervical Vertebrae: C1/Atlas > Flashcards

Atypical Cervical Vertebrae: C1/Atlas Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra?

A

Atlas

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2
Q

What features are lacking at C1?

A

Vertebral body
Pedicles
Spinous Process
Intervertebral Disc

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3
Q

What muscle attaches to the anterior arch of C1?

A

Longus Colli

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4
Q

What ligaments will attach to the anterior arch of C1?

A

Anterior longitudinal
Anterior atlanto-occipital
Anterior atlanto-axial

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5
Q

What is observed on the back of the anterior arch of C1?

A

The Fovea Dentis

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6
Q

What is the morphology of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

They are elliptical, closer together in front and often demonstrate an elevation subdividing the facet surface into two separate surfaces.

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7
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

Backward, upward, medial (BUM)

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8
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

Asymmetrical

Slightly concave or flattened

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9
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

Backward, medial, downward (BMD)

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10
Q

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1?

A

Levator Scapula
Splenius Cervicis
Rectus Capitis Anterior

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11
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender?

A

Males: about 50mm
Females: about 37mm

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12
Q

What attaches to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor

Ligamentum Nuchae

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13
Q

What attaches to the arcuate rim of C1?

A

The posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

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14
Q

Ossification of the free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament results in which atypical bone classification?

A

Accessory Bone

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15
Q

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament was observed?

A

About age 7 years old

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16
Q

What may be formed by ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament?

A

A partial ponticulus posticus or complete ponticulus posticus

17
Q

What other name may be used to identify a ponticulus posticus?

A

Kimmerle’s Anomaly

18
Q

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus?

A

Arcuate foramen or Retroarticular canal

19
Q

Ponticulus posticus has observed in what ethnic populations?

A

All ethnic populations studied thus far

20
Q

What is the general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the populations studied?

A

1%-41%

21
Q

What is the gender bias now associated with ponticulus posticus?

A

Female

22
Q

What is the location of the “zygapophysis” relative to to the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial intervertebral foramina?

A

It forms part of the anterior boundary of the IVF in both cases.

23
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C1?

A

Costal Element
Posterior Tubercle
True Transverse Process

24
Q

What osseous parts of the transverse process are absent at C1?

A

Anterior Tubercle

Costotransverse Bar

25
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C1?

A 
Rectus Capitis Anterior
Rectus Capitis Lateralis
Middle Scalene
Levator Scapula
Splenius Cervicis
Obliquus Capitis Superior
Obliquus Capitis Inferior
Intertransversarii Muscles
26
Q

What sub occipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura?

A

Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
Obliquus Capitis Inferior

27
Q

What are the connections between sub occipital muscles and the spinal dura called?

A

Myodural Bridges

28
Q

What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to?

A

The lateral mass and the transverse process of atlas

29
Q

What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed?

A

The Retrotransverse foramen

30
Q

What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen?

A

Vertebral A
Branch from sub occipital nerve
Veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck

31
Q

Which of the ponticles (bridges) of atlas is only observed in humans?

A

Lateral bridges

32
Q

What synovial joint surfaces are observed at C1?

A

2 Superior Articular Facets
2 Inferior Articular Facets
Fovea Dentis

Spinal Exam 2 (27 decks)

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