Thoracic Pulmonology Flashcards
What are the lobes of the left lung?
superior
inferior
What are the lobes of the right lung?
superior
middle inferior
What are the surfaces of the lungs?
costal surface
mediastinal surface
diaphragmatic surface
What makes up the hilum?
Pulmonary A
Pulmonary V
Main bronchi
Pulmonary Ligament
what does the pulmonary ligament do?
pleura hangs from root of lung
What grooves/ impressions are on the right lung?
1st rib
cardiac impression
groove of esophagus
svc
ivc
azygous v
brachiocephalic v
What grooves/ impressions are on the left lung?
cardiac impression
aortic arch
descneding aorta
1st rib
subclavian a
what are the three borders of the lungs?
anterior
inferior
posterior
the anterior border of the left lung has what landmarks?
cardiac notch
lingula
inferior border of the lungs projects were?
costodiaphragmatic recess
costomediastinal recess
where does lung cancer derive from?
lung tissue or the bronchi
what nerves can lung cancer involve?
phrenic n
vagus n
recurrent laryngeal n
how do you treat lung cancer?
remove lung
remove lobe of lung
remove bronchopulmonary segment of lung
what are the two types of pleura, where do they attach?
parietal pleura: attach to thoracic cavity
visceral pleura: adheres to lungs
what types of parietal pleura are there?
costal
mediastinal
diaphragmatic
cervical
what is pleuritis, what does it do?
inflammation of pleura, roughness on lungs, difficult to breathe
what is the pleural cavity?
space between two layers of pleura
filled with serous fluid, reduces friction, makes cohesion
what causes pulmonary collapse?
air enters pleural cavity, causes lung to collapse, wound to thoracic wall
what is a pnemothorax?
air enters pleural cavity, causes lungs to collapse
what is a hydrothorax?
fluid in pleural cavity, caused by effusion
what is a hemothorax?
accumulation of blood in pleural cavity, usually due to chest wound
laceration to intercostal vessel or internal thoracic vessel
name the lines of pleural reflection?
sternal line
costal line
vertebral line
what happens at sternal line of pleural reflection?
costal pleura becomes medistinal pleura anteriorly
what happens at costal line of pleural reflection?
costal pleura becomes diaphragmatic pleura
what happens at vertebral line of pleural reflection?
costal pleura becomes medistinal pleura posteriorly
where is the trachea located, where does it extend from?
in posterior medistinum
extends from larynx to branch point of bronchi
what does the right main bronchus branch into?
Right superior lobar bronchus
Right Middle lobar bronchus
Right inferior lobar bronchus
how i the right bronchus different from left?
wider, shorter, more vertical than left
what are main bronchi divided into?
Segmental bronchi
Conducting bronchiole
terminal bronchiole
respiratory bronchiole
alveolar duct
what are the divisions of the left main bronchi?
left superior lobar bronchus
left inferior lobar bronchus
what is bronchial asthma?
narrowing of airways by contraction of smooth muscles, edema of mucosa
what is a bronchoscopy?
bronchoscope is inserted into trachea to visualize main bronchi
what are bronchopulmonary segments?
apex at hilum
base at pulmonary surface
seperated by septa
supplied by single segmental bronchus
What segments are in right lung superior lobe?
Apical
Posterior
Anterior
What segments are in right lung middle lobe?
Lateral
medial
What segments are in right lung inferior lobe?
superior
anterior basal
medial basal
lateral basal
posterior basal
What segments are in left lung inferior lobe?
superior
anterior basal (anteromedal basal)
medial basal (Anteromedial basal)
lateral basal
posterior basal
What segments are in left lung superior lobe?
Apical
Posterior (apicoposterior)
anterior
Superior (lingual)
Inferior (lingual)
