thoracic osteology Flashcards by Mo Sarwar

what is superior thoracic outlet contents?

Trachea and Esophagus, plus the nerves and vessels that supply and drain the Head, Neck and Upper Extremities

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what is superior thoracic outlet boundaries?

T1 Vertebral Segment, Paired 1st Ribs and Superior Manubrium

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what is Inferior Thoracic Aperture outlets?

Esophagus, Inferior Vena Cava, Aorta

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what is Inferior Thoracic Aperture boundarie?

T12 Vertebral Segment

11th and 12th Ribs,

7ththrough 10th Costal Cartilages

the Xiphisternal Joint

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what is the thoracic cavity divided into?

two Pulmonary Cavities

Mediastinum,

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what does mediastinum contain?

heart, Thoracic Great Vessels, Trachea, Thoracic Esophagus and Thymus

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what are the three parts of the sternum?

manubrium

body

xiphoid process

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what are the landmarks on the manubrium?

Suprasternal Notch

Sternal Angle

Clavicular Notch

1 and 2 Costal Notches

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what are the landmarks on the body of the sternum?

Xiphoid/ Sternal Joint

Costal Notches (half of the 2nd, 3rd - 6th and half of 7th)

Transverse Ridges

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what are the landmarks on the body of the xiphoid process?

Costal Notch (half of 7th)

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what are the typical ribs?

ribs 3-9

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what are the main features on the head of typical ribs?

Superior Articular Facet

Inferior Articular Facet

Crest

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Tubercle of ribs articulate with what?

Transverse Costal Facets on Thoracic Vertebrae

also have attachment for Lateral Costotransverse L.

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what are the special landmarks on the 1st rib?

Scalene Tubercle

Groove for the Subclavian A.

Groove for the Subclavian V

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what are the special landmarks on the 2nd rib?

Tuberosity of Serratus Anterior M

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what are the atypical ribs?

1,2,10,11,12

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what are the most commonly fractured ribs? where? symptoms?

middle ribs, anterior to costal angle

severe pain with respiration, coughing, laughing and sneezing

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where are supernumerary ribs usually located?

can they cause problems?

either in the Cervical region or Lumbar region.

cervical can produce neural and circulatory problems with based on their proximity to the Brachial Plexus and Subclavian A

costal cartilages 1-7 connect to ribs how?

individually connect Ribs to the Sternum

costal cartilages 8-10 connect to ribs how?

articulate with the Costal Cartilage superior to them before articulating with the Sternum

what are the three types of synovial joint?

Diarthrosis

Fibrous

Cartilaginous

what kind of joint is manubriosternal joint, what does it attach?

Symphysis

between Sternal Angle and 2nd Costal Notch

what kind of joint is Xiphisternal joint, what does it attach?

synchondrosis

Inferior limit of the Thorax and 7th Costal Notch

what kind of joint is Sternocostal joint, what does it attach?
any ligaments?

Rib 1 (Synchondrosis)

Ribs 2-7 (Synovial Planar)

Anterior Radiate Sternocostal and Posterior Radiate Sternocostal L.

what kind of joint is Costovertebral joint, what does it attach? any ligaments?

Radiate L. (head of the rib to vertebral body) Intraarticular L. (Head of the Rib to the Intervertebral Disc) Articular Capsule (strongest anteriorly as the Radiate L.)

what kind of joint is Costotransverse joint, what does it attach? any ligaments?

Lateral Costotransverse L. (Tubercle of the Rib to the Transverse process) Superior Costotransverse L. (Neck of the Rib to the Transverse Process one vertebral segment superiorly)

what are the two types of movement of the costovertebral joint? what is their purpose?

unction to increase the Thoracic Volume, thereby decreasing Thoracic Pressure producing Inspiration Bucket Handle Movement: Pump Handle Movement:

Bucket Handle Movement consists of what?

Elevation of the lateral most portion of the Rib,increasing the transverse diameter of the Thorax

pump Handle Movement consists of what?

Elevation of the Sternal End of the Rib, increasing the anterior to posterior diameter of the Thorax

what kind of joint is Costochondral joint, what does it attach?

articulation between the Ribs and Costal Cartilages; Synchondrosis

what does dislocation of the ribs entail?

dislocation at the Sternocostal joint

what does separation of the ribs entail?

separation at the Costochondral joint.

what kind of joint is Interchondral Joint, what does it attach? any ligaments?

(between 6th/ 7th, 7th/ 8th, 8th/ 9th): planar synovial between 9th/ 10th: fibrous Interchondral L

External Intercostal M Attachment? Action? Innervation?

Superior Border of Rib below anteriorly Elevate Ribs Intercostal N

Internal Intercostal M Attachment? Action? Innervation?

Superior Border of Rib below (posteriorly) Depress Ribs Intercostal N

Innermost Intercostal M Attachment? Action? Innervation?

Superior border of Rib below probably the same as Internal Intercostal M. Intercostal N

what is Thoracentesis? where is it done?

Insertion of a hypodermic needle through the Intercostal musculature between ribs to obtain a fluid sample or drain small amounts of blood or fluid from the Pleural Cavity. The needle is inserted between ribs inferior to the Intercostal neurovascular bundle, but superior to the collateral branches.

where is a chest tube inserted?

Tube is typically inserted in the 5th or 6th Intercostal Space

what is Thoroscopy ?

Insertion of a Thoroscope into the Pleural Cavity through small incisions for visualizing and biopsying the space inside the Pleural Cavity.

Transverse Thoracic M. Attachment? Action? Innervation?

Internal surface of the 2nd – 6th Costal cartilages depress ribs intercostal n

Subcostal M Attachment? Action? Innervation?

Superior border of Rib Probably act as the Internal Intercostal M intercostal n above innermost intercostal m on the Internal surface of the Posterior Thoracic Wall

External Intercostal M is replaced by what, what is it continuous with?

External Intercostal Membrane Inferiorly the External Intercostal M. is continuous with the External Abdominal Oblique M.

internal Intercostal M is replaced by what, what is it continuous with?

Internal Intercostal Membrane which is visible in the Posterior Mediastinum immediately lateral to the Vertebral Column continuous with the Internal Abdominal Oblique M

what is between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles?

Intercostal nerve and vessels