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CPR > body folding embryo > Flashcards

body folding embryo Flashcards

1
Q

what does growth involve?

A

cell division &elaboration of cell products

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2
Q

what does morphogenesis involve?

A

development of shape, size, and other features of a particular organ or part or the whole body

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3
Q

what is morphogenesis controlled by?

A

gene expression & regulation in an orderly sequence

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4
Q

what is Differentiation ?

A

cells are organized in a precise pattern of tissues & organs that are capable of performing specialized functions

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5
Q

what is the first step in body folding?

A

Primordium of the intraembryonic coelom (embryonic body cavity) appears

Isolated coelomic spaces Coalesce to form the intraembryonic coelom

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6
Q

intraembryonic coelom divides lateral mesoderm into what?

A

Somatic (parietal) layer of lateral mesoderm

Splanchnic (visceral) layer of lateral mesoderm

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7
Q

what is the somatopleure?

A

somatic mesoderm& overlying embryonic ectoderm form body wall

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8
Q

what is the splanchnopleure?

A

splanchnic mesoderm & underlying embryonic endoderm form embryonic gut

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9
Q

how does folding occur?

A

cranial & caudal ends, & sides occurs simultaneously

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10
Q

why is folding significant? whats important about the lateral edges

A

Folding is significant for creating correct body form

Embryo increases in length, but lateral edges cannot keep pace

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11
Q

when does embryo elongate?how?

A

cranially & caudally (4thweek/day 22)

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12
Q

overgrowth of neural folds over oropharyngeal membrane causes what?

A

moves septum transversum, primordial heart, pericardial coelom, & oropharyngeal membrane to ventral surface

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13
Q

Endoderm forms what when it is incorporated into foregut?

A

primordium of pharynx, esophagus, & lower respiratory system

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14
Q

after head folding has occured, what position is embryo in?

A

Pericardial cavity is ventral

  • Pericardioperitonealcanals run dorsally on each side of the foregut
  • Intraembryonic & extraembryonic coeloms are in communication
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15
Q

folding of caudal end of embryo is due to what?

A

growth of the distal neural tube

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16
Q

tail folding causes what change in position?

A

caudal eminence(tail region) projects over thecloacal membrane (future anus)

primitive streak lies caudal to cloacal membrane

Allantois is partially incorporated

Connecting stalk attached to ventral surface

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17
Q

terminal hindgut forms what?

A

cloaca

18
Q

what produces the R/L lateral folds

A

Rapid growth of SC & somites

Extend ventrally toward the midline

Creates a cylindrical embryo

19
Q

what happens to abdominal wall as a result of lateral folding?

A

incorporates endoderm to form themidgut

20
Q

how is omphaloentericduct formed due to lateral folding?

A

Connection btwnumbilical vesicle & midgutis reduced

21
Q

as a result of lateral folding what happens to amnion?

A

Amniotic cavity expands, obliterates most of extraembryonic coelom

Amnion forms epithelial covering of umbilical cord

22
Q

Gastroschisis,what happens?

A

Protrusion of viscera; site of the abdominal defect is to the right of the umbilical cord

bowel is uncovered and floating in the amniotic fluid

lateral folding deficiency

23
Q

Congenital epigastric hernia, what happens?

A

Midline bulge of abdominal wall located between the xiphoid process & umbilicus

Bowel is not exposed to the amniotic fluid

24
Q

intraembryonic coelom will be divided into what?

A

pericardial cavity, pleural cavities, & peritoneal cavity

25
Q

Parietal wall is derived from what?

A

somatic mesoderm

26
Q

visceral wall is derived from what?

A

splanchnic mesoderm

27
Q

pericardial cavity does what during head folding?

A

relocated ventrally, anterior to the foregut

opens into pericardioperitonealcanals (2), located dorsal to the foregut

now cranial to septum transversum

28
Q

where are Pericardioperitonealcanals after headfolding?

A

dorsal to septum transversum

29
Q

dorsal mesentery does what after head folding?

A

suspends Caudal foregut, midgut, & hindgut in the peritoneal cavity

30
Q

partitions in pericardioperitonealcanal are called what?

A

Pleuropericardial folds (cranial)

Pleuroperitonealfolds (caudal)

31
Q

Pericardial cavity and pleural cavities separated how?

A

pleuropericardial Membranes fuse with mesenchyme ventral to esophagus (7thweek)

32
Q

Bronchial buds grow into what to split mesenchyme?

what does it split into?

A

pericardioperitonealcanals

Outer layer → thoracic wall

inner layer → fibrous pericardium

33
Q

Pleuroperitoneal Membranes are formed how?

A

Pleuroperitoneal folds enlarge, project into pericardioperitoneal canals

Form as developing lungs & pleural cavities expand/invade the body wall

34
Q

how are Pleuroperitoneal Membranes closed?

A

Fuse with dorsal mesentery of esophagus & septum transversum in week 6

Myoblasts migrateinto the pleuroperitonealmembranes & completes closure process

35
Q

Septum transversum forms what ? how?

A

fuses with dorsal mesentery of the esophagus & pleuroperitonealmembranes

central tendon of diaphragm

36
Q

Pleuroperitonealmembranes form what?

A

primordial diaphragm

37
Q

dorsal mesentery forms what?

A

median portion of diaphragm

38
Q

Myoblasts form what?

A

cruraof the diaphragm

39
Q

how is innervation of diaphragm formed? how is the phrenic nerve related to this?

A

Pleuropericardial membranes contain cardinal veins AND myoblasts migrating through diaphragm

Myoblasts pull ventral rami (C3-C5) with them.

Phrenic subsequently lies on fibrous pericardium

40
Q

what is a congenital diaphragmatic hernia?

A

Viscera bulge into pleural cavity

Lung maturation may be delayed; polyhydramnios may be present

diaphragm doesnt close !

Left side typically impacted (80%)

Can be corrected at birth

CPR (9 decks)

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