thoracic angiology Flashcards
describe pathway of aorta?
distal to left ventricle
travels up as very short ascending aorta
turns left as aortic arch
travels inferiorly as descending aorta to abdomen
what are the main branches off the ascending aorta?
right coronary a
left coronary a
where does right coronary a travel
what are its branches?
posterior of the heart
SA nodal A
Conus branch
Atrial branch
Right marginal A
AV nodal A
Posterior IV artery
Right posterolateral A
where does left coronary a travel
what are its branches?
travels superiorly around the Heart to the posterior aspect
Anterior Interventricular A.
Circumflex A
what is a Coronary Artery Bypass Graft? explain what happens?
Obstruction of the coronary arteries may necessitate replacement of a segment of the coronary artery, this process is called a coronary artery bypass graft
great saphenous vein is often used
what is coronary angioplasty?
Insertion of a small balloon catheter into the lumen of the coronary artery.
The balloon is inflated to flatten the obstructing plaque against the wall and increase the size of the lumen improving blood flow
What are the main branches of the arch of aorta?
brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid A
left subclavian A
where does descending aorta become descending aorta?
what are its branches?
at the aortic hiatus!
unpaired visceral branches
paired lateral visceral branches
paired segmental parietal branches
superior phrenic artery
what is the pathway and branches of the pulmonary trunk?
exits heart at the Superior Border, distal to the Right Ventricle
right pulmonary A
left pulmonary A
what is a pulmonary embolism?
Obstruction of a Pulmonary A. by an embolus, such as a blood clot, fat globule or air bubble.
The embolus usually passes from a vein through the right side of the heart into the Pulmonary arteries.
Pulmonary Veins, pathway?
branches?
begin as intersegmental veins between the Bronchopulmonary Segments, empty into left atrium
right pulmonary V
left pulmonary V
What does the coronary sinus do, what are its branches?
drains Great, Middle and Small V., empties into the Right Atrium of the Heart
great cardiac V
middle cardiac V
small Cardiac V
What does the anterior cardiac V do?
crosses over the Right Atrioventricular Groove, empties directly into the Right Atrium of the Heart
What does the Smallest Cardiac Vs. do?
extremely small vessels, possessing no valves, exist in the Myocardium and communicate directly with the internal chambers of the Heart
What does the Superior Vena Cava do?
union of Right and Left Brachiocephalic V. and Azygous V., drains from superiorly into Right Atrium of the Heart)
What does the Inferior Cava do?
union of Right and Left Common Iliac V., travels through the Abdomen, through the Vena Caval Foramen of the Thoracic Diaphragm,
then drains from inferiorly into Right Atrium of the Heart)
what is the thoracic duct, what feeds into it ?
originates as the Chyli Cistern in the Abdomen,
drains lymph from the Lower Extremities, Pelvis, Abdomen, Left half of the Thorax, Left Upper Extremity and Left side of the Head and Neck superiorly and
empties into the venous system near the junction of the Left Internal Jugular V. and Left Subclavian V.
Subclavian Trunk
Jugular Trunk
Bronchomediastinal Trunk
what is the right lymphatic duct, what feeds into it ?
drains primarily the Subclavian Lymphatic Trunk and the Bronchomediastinal Trunk, jugular trunk too
empties into the Brachiocephalic V. near its origin
what is the Thymus? where is it?
primary lymphoid organ located in the anterior superior Mediastinum which is gradually replaced by fat after puberty
Thoracic Lymph Nodes, what are they, what feeds into them?
on the right side Lymph drains from the Right Lymphatic Duct into venous circulation
on the left side Lymph drains from the Thoracic Duct into venous circulation
Axillary Lymph Nodes
Parasternal Lymph Nodes
Tracheobronchial Lymph Nodes
Intercostal Lymph Nodes
Phrenic Lymph Nodes
Anterior Mediastinal Lymph Nodes
Posterior Mediastinal Lymph Nodes
what does SA nodal artery supply?
supplies the Sinuatrial Node
what does conus branch artery supply?
supplies the Conus Arteriosus
what does atrial branch artery supply?
supplies Right Atrium
what does right marginal artery supply?
travels along the inferior border of the Heart
what does AV nodal artery supply?
supplies the Atrioventricular Node
what does Posterior Interventricular artery supply?
travels along the posterior aspect of the Heart between the Right and Left Ventricles)
supply the interventricular septum
what does Right Posterolateral artery supply?
supplies the Left Ventricle
Anterior Interventricular A supplies what?
what are its branches?
supplying the Atrioventricular Bundle as it passes though the Interventricular Septum
Conus Branch
Lateral (Diagonal) A.
Interventricular Septal Branches
what does Circumflex A. supply? branches?
posterior aspect of heart , left ventricle
Left Marginal A
Posterior Left Ventricular A
what does brachiocephalic trunk produce?
Left Common Carotid A. and Left Subclavian A.
what is region 1 of left subclavian A?
vertebral A
internal thoracic A
thyrocervical trunk
what are the branches of the internal thoracic a?
anterior intercostal
pericardiophrenic a
musculophrenic a
superior epigastric a
what are the branches of the anterior intercostal a?
Perforating Branches
Medial Mammary Branches
both to breasts
what are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?
Inferior Thyroid A
Suprascapular A
Transverse Cervical A.
what is region 2 of left subclavian a?
costocervical trunk
- Supreme Intercostal A.
- Deep Cervical A
Region Three of left subclavian a?
Dorsal Scapular A
region 1 of axillary a?
Superior Thoracic A
region 2 of axillary a?
Thoracoacromial Trunk
Lateral Thoracic A
Region Three of axillary a?
Subscapular A
Anterior Humeral Circumflex A.
Posterior Humeral Circumflex A
what are the Unpaired Visceral Branches ? what do they supply?
Mediastinal A. (supply the lymph nodes of the posterior mediastinum)
Esophageal A. (supply the middle 1/3 of the esophagus)
Pericardial A. (small branches to the pericardium)
what are the Paired Lateral Visceral Branches? what do they supply?
Right Bronchial A. (supplies the structures of the Hilum of the Right Lung
Left Bronchial A. (supplies the structures of the Hilum of the Left Lung
what are the Paired Segmental Parietal Branches?
Posterior Intercostal A
Subcostal A
what are the branches of the posterior intercostal A?
Dorsal Branch
Collateral Branch
Lateral Cutaneous A
what are the branches of the right pulmonary a?
Superior Lobar Artery
Middle Lobar Artery
Inferior Lobar Artery
what are the branches of the left pulmonary a?
superior lobar artery
inferior lobar artery
where do left pulmonary and right pulmonary vein put their blood?
the left atrium of the heart
Great Cardiac V travels where and with what?
originates on the anterior aspect of the Heart between the Right and Left Ventricles, travels with the Anterior Interventricular A.,
then travels around the Heart, traveling with the Circumflex A.
to empty into the Coronary Sinus
middle Cardiac V travels where and with what?
travels along the posterior aspect of the Heart between the Right and Left Ventricles,
travels with the Posterior Interventricular A.
small Cardiac V travels where and with what?
travels along the inferior border of the Heart,
travels with the Right Marginal A
what is the pathway of azygos vein?
drains Posterior Intercostal V. from the right side of the posterior thoracic wall
travels superiorly until crossing over the vertebral bodies to
meet with the Superior Vena Cava
what is the pathway of hemiazygos vein?
drains Posterior Intercostal V. from the left side of the lower posterior thoracic wall,
communicates with the Azygous V. via a communicating branch that
divides the Hemiazygos V. from the Accessory Hemiazygos V
what is the pathway of the accessory hemiazygos vein?
drains Posterior Intercostal V. from the left side of the upper posterior thoracic wall, ,
communicates with the Azygous V. via a communicating branch that
divides the Hemiazygos V. from the Accessory Hemiazygos V
what do axillary lymph nodes drain? whats the pathway?
Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes; drain 75% of the Breast via the Subareolar Lymphatic Plexus
empties into the Subclavian Lymphatic Trunk, then into the Right Lymph Duct or Thoracic Duct
what do Parasternal lymph nodes drain? whats the pathway?
drain the Subareolar Lymphatic Plexus, Parietal Pleura and Thymus
empties into the Bronchomediastinal Trunk,
then into the Right Lymph Duct or Thoracic Duct
what do Tracheobronchial lymph nodes drain? whats the pathway?
drain the Bronchopulmonary Lymph Nodes and the Subepicardial Lymphatic Plexus
empties into the Bronchomediastinal Trunk,
what do Bronchopulmonary Lymph Nodes lymph nodes drain?
drain the Superficial and Deep Lymphatic Plexuses of the Lung
what drains the parietal pleura?
Intercostal Lymph Nodes
Phrenic Lymph Nodes
Anterior Mediastinal Lymph Nodes
Posterior Mediastinal Lymph Nodes
