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CPR Midterm > Thoracic Osteology, Arthrology, and Myology > Flashcards

Thoracic Osteology, Arthrology, and Myology Flashcards

1
Q

what are the contents of the superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet)?

A

trachea, esophagus, plus the nerves and vessels that supply and drain the head, neck, and upper extremities

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2
Q

what are the contents of the inferior thoracic aperture (thoracic outlet)?

A

esophagus, inferior vena cava, and aorta

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3
Q

what is the thoracic cavity surrounded by?

A

an osteocartilaginous thoracic cage

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4
Q

what does the thoracic cavity contain?

A

two pulmonary cavities and the mediastinum

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5
Q

what are the three parts of the sternum?

A

the manubrium, the body of the sternum, and the xiphoid process

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6
Q

how many costal notches are there?

A

7

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7
Q

how many costal notches does the manubrium have?

A

1st and 1/2 of the 2nd costal notch

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8
Q

how many costal notches does the body of the sternum have?

A

1/2 of the 2nd, 3-6th, and 1/2 of the 7th

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9
Q

how many costal notches does the xiphoid process have?

A

1/2 of the 7th

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10
Q

where is the junction of the manubrium with the body of the sternum?

A

at the sternal angle

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11
Q

what is another name for the true ribs?

A

vertebrocostal

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12
Q

what is another name for the false ribs?

A

vertebrochondral

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13
Q

what is another name for floating ribs?

A

vertebral

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14
Q

what are the typical ribs?

A

ribs 3-9

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15
Q

what does the head of the rib articulate with (typical rib)

A

the body of thoracic vertebrae

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16
Q

what features do typical ribs have?

A

a head, neck, tubercle, and a body

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17
Q

what does the superior articular facet on the head of the typical ribs articulate with?

A

the inferior costal demifacet on the thoracic vertebrae body one numeric segment superiorly

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18
Q

what does the inferior articular facet found on the head of the typical ribs articulate with?

A

with the superior costal demifacet on the thoracic vertebral body of the same numeric segment

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19
Q

what separates the two articular facets that are found on the head of the typical ribs?

A

the crest of the head

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20
Q

what is the neck of the typical ribs?

A

the stretch of bone between the head and tubercle

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21
Q

what does the tubercle of the typical ribs articulate with?

A

with the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae

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22
Q

what is found on the body of the typical ribs?

A

the costal groove and the costal angle

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23
Q

what does the costal groove house?

A

houses the intercostal nerve and vessels

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24
Q

what are the atypical ribs?

A

ribs 1, 2, 10, 11, 12

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25
Q

what is unique about the head of the 1st rib?

A

it has only one facet

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26
Q

what tubercle is found on the first rib?

A

the scalene tubercle

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27
Q

what is the purpose of the scalene tubercle?

A

it is the attachment point for the anterior scalene muscle

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28
Q

what grooves are found on the first rib?

A

the groove for the subclavian artery and the groove for the subclavian vein

29
Q

which is more anterior: the groove for the subclavian artery or the groove for the subclavian vein?

A

the groove for the subclavian vein is more anterior

30
Q

what is unique about the 2nd rib?

A

it has the tuberosity of the serratus anterior muscle, which is the insertion for the serratus anterior muscle

31
Q

what is unique about the 10th rib?

A

its head only has one facet

32
Q

what is unique about the 11th and 12th ribs?

A

their heads only have one facet and they do not have a tubercle or a neck present

33
Q

what are the most commonly fractured ribs, and where are their weakest loci?

A

the most commonly fractured ribs are the middle ribs at their weakest loci, which is just anterior to the costal angle

34
Q

what are supernumerary ribs?

A

extra ribs either in the cervical or lumbar region

35
Q

What are the two joints found on the sternum?

A

manubriosternal joint and the xiphisternal

36
Q

what does the manubriosternal joint add together and what type of joint is this?

A

the sternal angle and the 2nd costal notch; symphysis

37
Q

what does the xiphisternal joint add together and what type of joint is this?

A

the inferior limit of the thorax and the 7th costal notch; synchondrosis joint

38
Q

what are the sternocostal joints?

A

the junction of the costal cartilages with the sternum

39
Q

what type of joint is the 1st rib to the sternum?

A

synchondrosis

40
Q

what type of joint are ribs 2-7 to the sternum?

A

synovial planar

41
Q

what ligaments do ribs 2-7 make?

A

the anterior and posterior radiate sternocostal ligaments

42
Q

what type of joint is the costovertebral joint?

A

planar synovial

43
Q

where is the radiate ligament found?

A

head of the rib to the vertebral body

44
Q

Example: what does rib 6 articulate with?

A

T5 and T6 and T6’s transverse process

45
Q

what type of joint are the costotransverse joints?

A

planar synovial

46
Q

what two forms of movement occur at the costovertebral joint?

A

bucket handle movement and pump handle movement

47
Q

what is the main purpose of the movements at the costovertebral joint?

A

to increase the thoracic volume, thereby decreasing thoracic pressure, which produces inhalation

48
Q

what is the bucket handle movement?

A

elevation of the lateral most portion of the rib

49
Q

what is the pump handle movement?

A

elevation of the sternal end of the rib

50
Q

what type of joint are the costochondral joints?

A

synchondrosis

51
Q

what does dislocation of the ribs refer to?

A

a dislocation at the sternocostal joint

52
Q

what does separation of the ribs refer to?

A

a separation at the costochondral joint

53
Q

where are the interchondral joints?

A

6/7, 7/8, 8/9, 9/10 costal catilages

54
Q

what type of joint are the interchondral joints of 6/7, 7/8, and 8/9?

A

planar synovial

55
Q

what type of joint are the 9th/10th interchondral joints?

A

fibrous joints

56
Q

what are the intercostal muscles?

A

external intercostal muscle, internal intercostal muscle, and innermost intercostal muscle

57
Q

what is the action of the external intercostal muscle?

A

elevate the ribs

58
Q

what is the function of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

depress the ribs

59
Q

what is the function of the innermost intercostal muscles?

A

depress the ribs

60
Q

where does the external intercostal muscle become the external intercostal membrane?

A

anteriorly

61
Q

where does the internal intercostal muscle become the internal intercostal muscle?

A

posteriorly

62
Q

what does the neurovascular bundle travel between and what makes up this neurovascular bundle?

A

travels between the innermost and the internal intercostal muscles; made up of the intercostal nerve, the posterior intercostal artery, and the posterior intercostal vein

63
Q

if you can see the neurovascular bundle, what is missing?

A

the innermost intercostal muscle

64
Q

what is a thoracentesis?

A

insertion of a hypodermic needle through the intercostal musculature between the ribs to obtain a fluid sample or drain small amounts of blood or fluid from the pleural cavity

65
Q

during a thoracentesis, where is the needle inserted?

A

between ribs inferior to the intercostal neurovascular bundle, but superior to the collateral branches

66
Q

where is a chest tube typically inserted?

A

in the 5th or 6th intercostal space

67
Q

what is a thorascopy?

A

insertion of a thorascope into the pleural cavity through small incisions for visualizing and biopsying the space inside the pleural cavity

68
Q

what are the internal thoracic wall muscles?

A

the transverse thoracic muscle and the subcostal muscle

69
Q

what is the action of the transverse thoracic muscle and the subcostal muscle?

A

depress the ribs

CPR Midterm (21 decks)

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