Angiology Flashcards
the ascending aorta is the origin for what?
the right and left coronary arteries
how does the right coronary artery travel?
it travels anteriorly around the heart to the posterior aspect
what is the first branch of the right coronary artery?
the sinuatrial nodal artery
what is ~typically~ the second branch of the right coronary artery?
the conus branch
what branch of the right coronary artery travels along the inferior border of the heart?
the right marginal artery
the right coronary artery will travel around to the diaphragmatic surface and produce what?
a posterior interventricular artery
we do need to supply the conducting system with blood. How do we do that?
with the interventricular arteries
what does the anterior interventricular artery come from?
the left coronary artery
what does the posterior interventricular artery come from?
the right coronary artery
how is the left coronary artery different than the right?
the left coronary artery is much shorter and splits into its two terminal branches rather quickly
what are the two terminal branches of the left coronary artery?
the anterior interventricular artery and the circumflex artery
what does the anterior interventricular artery give rise to?
the lateral (diagonal) artery
what does the circumflex artery give rise to?
a left marginal artery and sometimes the left posterior ventricular artery
obstruction of the coronary artery may necessitate what?
replacement of a segment of the coronary artery, and this process is called a coronary bypass graft
what is often used for a coronary artery bypass graft?
the great saphenous vein in the lower extremity; radial artery is also sometimes used
what is a coronary angioplasty?
insertion of a small balloon catheter into the lumen of the coronary artery; the balloon is inflated to flatten the obstructing plaque against the wall and increase the size of the lumen improving blood flow
what are the 3 branches of the aortic arch?
brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian artery
what branches off the subclavian artery that is important when talking about the thorax?
the internal thoracic artery
what is the route of the internal thoracic artery?
travels inferiorly to the posterior aspect of the anterior chest wall between the ribs and the transverse thoracic muscle
what are the branches of the internal thoracic artery?
anterior intercostal artery, pericardiophrenic artery, and the musculophrenic artery
what is the terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery?
the superior epigastric artery (and musculophrenic)
what do the medial mammary arteries come from?
perforating branches that come from the internal thoracic artery
where does the lateral mammary artery come from?
the lateral thoracic artery (which is from region 2 of the axillary artery)
how can the descending aorta be divided into three vascular planes?
unpaired visceral branches, paired lateral visceral branches, and paired segmental parietal branches
how are the unpaired visceral branches described?
they come straight off the aorta and will supply a visceral structure
what are the 3 unpaired visceral branches?
mediastinal artery, esophageal artery, and pericardial artery
what does the mediastinal artery supply?
the lymph nodes of the posterior mediastinum
what does the esophageal artery supply?
the middle 1/3 of the esophagus
what does the pericardial artery supply?
small branches to the pericardium
what are the paired lateral visceral branches?
the right and left bronchial arteries
what are the bronchial arteries responsible for?
supplying the the structures of the hilum of the right/left lung
what are the paired segmental parietal branches?
the posterior intercostal arteries
what is the first thing the posterior intercostal arteries are going to branch?
the dorsal branch
what does the dorsal branch supply?
back musculature
after the posterior intercostal artery produces a dorsal branch, what will it produce next?
a collateral branch
after the posterior intercostal artery makes a collateral branch, what does it produce next?
a lateral cutaneous artery
what is our third and final source for mammary arteries (not from the perforating branches of the internal thoracic and not the lateral mammary arteries from the lateral thoracic artery)?
we get a lateral mammary branch from the lateral cutaneous artery (which is a branch of the posterior intercostal artery
what is the last branch that we have before the aorta goes through the thoracic diaphragm?
the superior phrenic artery
what are the phrenic arteries and where do they come from?
musculophrenic artery (from the internal throacic artery), pericardiacophrenic artery (from internal throacic artery), and the superior phrenic artery (from the descending throacic aorta)
what are the branches of the right pulmonary artery?
superior lobar artery, middle lobar artery, and inferior lobar artery
what are the branches of the left pulmonary artery?
superior lobar artery and inferior lobar artery
What branches from the lobar arteries?
segmental arteries
what is a pulmonary embolism?
obstruction of a pulmonary artery by an embolus, such as a blood clot, fat globule, or air bubble
what do the pulmonary veins begin as?
intersegmental veins between the bronchopulmonary segments
what do the pulmonary arteries follow?
the airway
what do the pulmonary veins empty into?
the left atrium
what do the pulmonary veins carry?
oxygenated blood
where is the coronary sinus found?
posterior aspect of the heart
what does the coronary sinus drain?
great, middle, and small veins
what does the coronary sinus empty into?
the right atrium of the heart
what does the small cardiac vein travel with?
the right marginal artery
what does the middle cardiac vein travel with?
the posterior interventricular artery
what does the great cardiac vein travel with?
the anterior interventricular artery (anteriorly) and the circumflex artery (posteriorly)
what is the route of the anterior cardiac veins?
they come off the anterior part of the heart (usually on the right ventricle) and they cross over the right anterior ventricular groove, and empty directly into the right atrium
what does the azygous vein drain and where is it sitting?
drains the right side posterior intercostal vein- sitting on the right side
what does the azygous vein empty into?
the superior vena cava
what drains the left posterior intercostal veins from the lower posterior thoracic wall?
the hemiazygous vein
what drains the the left posterior intercostal veins from the upper posterior thoracic wall?
accessory hemiazygous vein
what does the thoracic duct originate as?
the cisterna chyle
where does the thymus sit?
in the anterior superior mediastinum
