CPR Autonomics Flashcards
What is the NT released from the preganglionic neuron?
acetylcholine
What receptors are found on the postganglionic dendrites/ cell body?
nicotinic cholinergic receptors
what NT is released from the post-ganglionic axon?
norepinephrine
what do the cells of the target organ express for the sympathetic nervous system?
alpha- or beta- adrenergic receptors
what is activation of alpha-1 receptors on smooth muscle associated with?
contraction of the smooth muscle
what is activation of the alpha-2 receptors on smooth muscle associated with?
relaxation/dilation
the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system leave the CNS where?
at the cranial and sacral levels
within the parasympathetic ganglia located on or near the target organs, what does the preganglionic fiber release?
acetylcholine
at the synapse between the parasympathetic postganglionic fiber, what is released from the postganglionic axon?
acetylcholine
what does the acetylcholine that is released from the parasympathetic postganglionic axon bind to?
muscarinic cholinergic receptors that are on the target organ
where are you most likely to find nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the autonomic nervous system?
dendrites of the post-ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system
what does the sympathetic innervation of the SA node in the heart arise from?
T1-T5
what is the action of the parasympathetic innervation of the SA node?
it decreases the rate of depolarization of the pacemaker potential
what is the effect of the parasympathetic innervation of the SA node?
slows the heart rate
what is the action of the sympathetic innervation of the SA node?
increases the rate of depolarization of the pacemaker potential
what is the effect of the sympathetic innervation of the SA node?
increases the heart rate
what is the action of the parasympathetic innervation of the AV node and the ventricular conducting pathways?
decreases the slope of the pacemaker potential; decrease depolarization rate during Phase 0 of the slow action potential
what is the effect of the parasympathetic innervation of the AV node and the ventricular conducting pathways?
decrease conduction velocity through AV node and ventricle
what is the action of the parasympathetic innervation of the atrial and ventricular myocytes?
decrease calcium entry into the myocyte
what is the effect of the parasympathetic innervation of the atrial and ventricular myocytes?
decrease in atrial contractility; possible decrease in ventricular contractility
what is the action of the sympathetic innervation of the atrial and ventricular myocytes?
increase calcium conductance into myocytes
what is the effect of the sympathetic innervation of the atrial and ventricular myocytes?
increase myocyte contractility (cardiac muscle pumps stronger)
what is the vasculature of the kidney heavily innervated by?
the sympathetic nerves
what is the blood flow to the kidney primarily dictated by?
the autonomic nervous system
what is the functional unit of the kidney?
the nephron
what is the role of Bowman’s capsule/space aka the glomerulus?
it is the initial filtration to provide raw materials to make urine out of
what is the role of the proximal convoluted tubule?
it moves everything that was filtered into the Bowman’s space back to the blood via the process of reabsorption
what is the role of the loop of Henle?
concentration; concentrate the interstitium
what is the role of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?
fine tuning; uses hormones to control water and sodium
what component of the renal artery supplies Bowman’s capsule/space?
the afferent arteriole
where exactly in the glomerulus does filtration occur?
in the glomerular capillaries
what is the blood flow to the proximal convoluted tubule?
peritubular capillaries
what do the peritubular capillaries arise from?
the efferent arteriole
what is the blood flow to the loop of henle?
vasa recta
what is the blood flow to the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?
peritubular capillaries
What receptors are found on the kidneys?
alpha 1 receptors
what does activation of the alpha 1 receptors on the kidneys cause?
vasoconstriction and a reduction of blood flow to the kidney and urine production
what receptors do the cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus contain?
beta 1 receptors
what does activation of the beta 1 receptors on the juxtaglomerular apparatus cause?
increase in renin release, which leads to an increase in sodium and water reabsorption (increases blood volume)
what is the short term effect of the sympathetic innervation of the kidney?
it helps to maintain blood pressure
what is the long term effect of the sympathetic innervation of the kidney?
it increases blood volume to help maintain blood pressure
What is the action of the sympathetic innervation of the AV node and ventricular conducting pathways?
increases the rate of depolarization during phase 0 and the pacemaker potential
what is the effect of the sympathetic innervation of the AV node and ventricular conducting pathways?
increases conduction velocity though the AV node
what is the parasympathetic innervation of the coronary arteries?
vagus nerve
what is the action of the parasympathetic innervation of the coronary arteries?
smooth muscle relaxation
what is the effect of the parasympathetic innervation of the coronary arteries?
vasodilation and an increase in coronary blood flow
what receptors are responsible for the sympathetic innervation of the coronary arteries?
alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
what is the action of the sympathetic innervation/ alpha-1 adrenergic receptors of the coronary arteries?
smooth muscle contraction
what is the effect of the sympathetic innervation/ alpha-1 adrenergic receptors of the coronary arteries?
vasoconstriction and a decrease in coronary blood flow
