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CPR Midterm > CPR Autonomics > Flashcards

CPR Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the NT released from the preganglionic neuron?

A

acetylcholine

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2
Q

What receptors are found on the postganglionic dendrites/ cell body?

A

nicotinic cholinergic receptors

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3
Q

what NT is released from the post-ganglionic axon?

A

norepinephrine

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4
Q

what do the cells of the target organ express for the sympathetic nervous system?

A

alpha- or beta- adrenergic receptors

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5
Q

what is activation of alpha-1 receptors on smooth muscle associated with?

A

contraction of the smooth muscle

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6
Q

what is activation of the alpha-2 receptors on smooth muscle associated with?

A

relaxation/dilation

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7
Q

the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system leave the CNS where?

A

at the cranial and sacral levels

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8
Q

within the parasympathetic ganglia located on or near the target organs, what does the preganglionic fiber release?

A

acetylcholine

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9
Q

at the synapse between the parasympathetic postganglionic fiber, what is released from the postganglionic axon?

A

acetylcholine

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10
Q

what does the acetylcholine that is released from the parasympathetic postganglionic axon bind to?

A

muscarinic cholinergic receptors that are on the target organ

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11
Q

where are you most likely to find nicotinic cholinergic receptors in the autonomic nervous system?

A

dendrites of the post-ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system

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12
Q

what does the sympathetic innervation of the SA node in the heart arise from?

A

T1-T5

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13
Q

what is the action of the parasympathetic innervation of the SA node?

A

it decreases the rate of depolarization of the pacemaker potential

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14
Q

what is the effect of the parasympathetic innervation of the SA node?

A

slows the heart rate

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15
Q

what is the action of the sympathetic innervation of the SA node?

A

increases the rate of depolarization of the pacemaker potential

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16
Q

what is the effect of the sympathetic innervation of the SA node?

A

increases the heart rate

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17
Q

what is the action of the parasympathetic innervation of the AV node and the ventricular conducting pathways?

A

decreases the slope of the pacemaker potential; decrease depolarization rate during Phase 0 of the slow action potential

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18
Q

what is the effect of the parasympathetic innervation of the AV node and the ventricular conducting pathways?

A

decrease conduction velocity through AV node and ventricle

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19
Q

what is the action of the parasympathetic innervation of the atrial and ventricular myocytes?

A

decrease calcium entry into the myocyte

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20
Q

what is the effect of the parasympathetic innervation of the atrial and ventricular myocytes?

A

decrease in atrial contractility; possible decrease in ventricular contractility

21
Q

what is the action of the sympathetic innervation of the atrial and ventricular myocytes?

A

increase calcium conductance into myocytes

22
Q

what is the effect of the sympathetic innervation of the atrial and ventricular myocytes?

A

increase myocyte contractility (cardiac muscle pumps stronger)

23
Q

what is the vasculature of the kidney heavily innervated by?

A

the sympathetic nerves

24
Q

what is the blood flow to the kidney primarily dictated by?

A

the autonomic nervous system

25
Q

what is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

the nephron

26
Q

what is the role of Bowman’s capsule/space aka the glomerulus?

A

it is the initial filtration to provide raw materials to make urine out of

27
Q

what is the role of the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

it moves everything that was filtered into the Bowman’s space back to the blood via the process of reabsorption

28
Q

what is the role of the loop of Henle?

A

concentration; concentrate the interstitium

29
Q

what is the role of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?

A

fine tuning; uses hormones to control water and sodium

30
Q

what component of the renal artery supplies Bowman’s capsule/space?

A

the afferent arteriole

31
Q

where exactly in the glomerulus does filtration occur?

A

in the glomerular capillaries

32
Q

what is the blood flow to the proximal convoluted tubule?

A

peritubular capillaries

33
Q

what do the peritubular capillaries arise from?

A

the efferent arteriole

34
Q

what is the blood flow to the loop of henle?

A

vasa recta

35
Q

what is the blood flow to the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct?

A

peritubular capillaries

36
Q

What receptors are found on the kidneys?

A

alpha 1 receptors

37
Q

what does activation of the alpha 1 receptors on the kidneys cause?

A

vasoconstriction and a reduction of blood flow to the kidney and urine production

38
Q

what receptors do the cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus contain?

A

beta 1 receptors

39
Q

what does activation of the beta 1 receptors on the juxtaglomerular apparatus cause?

A

increase in renin release, which leads to an increase in sodium and water reabsorption (increases blood volume)

40
Q

what is the short term effect of the sympathetic innervation of the kidney?

A

it helps to maintain blood pressure

41
Q

what is the long term effect of the sympathetic innervation of the kidney?

A

it increases blood volume to help maintain blood pressure

42
Q

What is the action of the sympathetic innervation of the AV node and ventricular conducting pathways?

A

increases the rate of depolarization during phase 0 and the pacemaker potential

43
Q

what is the effect of the sympathetic innervation of the AV node and ventricular conducting pathways?

A

increases conduction velocity though the AV node

44
Q

what is the parasympathetic innervation of the coronary arteries?

A

vagus nerve

45
Q

what is the action of the parasympathetic innervation of the coronary arteries?

A

smooth muscle relaxation

46
Q

what is the effect of the parasympathetic innervation of the coronary arteries?

A

vasodilation and an increase in coronary blood flow

47
Q

what receptors are responsible for the sympathetic innervation of the coronary arteries?

A

alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

48
Q

what is the action of the sympathetic innervation/ alpha-1 adrenergic receptors of the coronary arteries?

A

smooth muscle contraction

49
Q

what is the effect of the sympathetic innervation/ alpha-1 adrenergic receptors of the coronary arteries?

A

vasoconstriction and a decrease in coronary blood flow

CPR Midterm (21 decks)

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