Thoracic & Lumbar Flashcards
skull
- frontal
- parietal
- temporal (mastoid process)
- occipital
- zygomatic
- maxilla
- mandible (ramus, body)
rib structure
- head articulates with the thoracic vertebrae
- tubercle articulates with the transverse process
- rib curves at the angle
facet joints
type:
- planar
movement:
- sliding/gliding
(where the articular process connects)
vertebrae
- spinous process
- transverse process
- vertebral foramen
- body
- facet of superior articular process
- inferior articular process
- intervertebral foramen
- intervertebral disc
- costal facet (thoracic only)
intervertebral joints
type:
- solid (symphyses)
movement: minimal to no movement
ligaments:
- intervertebral ligament
intervertebral discs
- a pad between vertebrae
- composed of tough fibrocartilage rings
functions: - absorbs shock
- binds spinal column together
-supports body weight
nerve plexus
- cervical: C1-C4
- brachial: C5-T1
- lumbosacral: L1-S4
arteries/veins in the heart
- ascending aorta
- right pulmonary artery
- left pulmonary artery
- aortic arch
- superior vena cava
- inferior vena cava
- right pulmonary vein
- left pulmonary vein
costovertebral & costotransverse joints
type:
- planar
movement:
- sliding/gliding
costotransverse: ribs tubercle articulates with the costal transverse process of the vertebrae
costovertebral: ribs head articulates with the superior and inferior transverse processes
sternocostal joint
type:
- plane
movement:
- sliding/gliding
connective tissue:
- costal cartilage
intercostals
origin:
- inferior margin of rib above
insertion:
- superior margin of rib below
innervation:
- thoracic spinal nerves
function:
- moves ribs superiorly/inferiorly
- aid in respiration
rectus abdominis
origin:
- pubis bone
insertion:
- distal sternum
- costal cartilage
innervation:
- thoracic spinal nerves
function:
- trunk flexion
- aids in expiration/compression of the abdomen
thoracolumbar fascia
- a layer of thickened fascia that covers the deeper muscles of the back (thoracic/lumbar)
- acts as attachment points for muscles
diaphragm
origin:
- distal sternum
- inner surface of lower rib cage
- lumbar vertebral bodies
insertion:
- central tendon of diaphragm
innervation:
- brachial plexus
function:
- aids in respiration (increases intrathoracic volume, pushes abdominal viscera inferiorly)
- passive role in expiration
inspiration
- rib cage moves up and out
- bucket handle motion
- increases thoracic volume by compressing abdominal viscera
- lung expansion
ribs: intercostals
diaphragm: active
external obliques
origin:
- lower ribs
insertion:
- iliac crest
- linea alba
innervation:
- thoracic spinal nerves
function:
- together: aid in trunk flexion
- individually: trunk side flexion/rotation
- aids in expiration/compression of abdomen
internal obliques
origin:
- thoracolumbar fascia
- iliac crest
- inguinal ligament
insertion:
- lower ribs
- linea alba
innervation:
- thoracic spinal nerves
function:
- together: aid in trunk flexion
- individually: trunk side flexion/rotation
- aids in expiration/compression of abdomen
rhomboid (major/minor)
origin:
- spinous process of CVII to TV
insertion:
- medial border of scapula
innervation:
- brachial plexus
function:
- retract and elevate scapula
erector spinae
origin:
- sacrum
- iliac crest
- spinous process/transverse process of all vertebrae
- angles of all ribs
insertion:
- mastoid process of temporal bone
- posterior surface of occipital bone
- spinous process/transverse process of all vertebrae
- angles of all ribs
innervation:
- cervical/thoracic/lumbar spinal nerves
function:
- acts as primary extensors of vertebral column/head
- acting unilaterally, can side flex vertebral column
