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HES 120 > Nerves & Vessels > Flashcards

Nerves & Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the Central nervous system (CNS) located

A

brain, brain stem, and spinal cord

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2
Q

where is the peripheral nervous system (PNS) located

A

all other nerves outside the CNS

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3
Q

what are the two types of peripheral nervous systems

A
  • afferent nerves (ascending, sensory)
  • efferent nerves ( descending, motor)
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4
Q

afferent nervous system

A
  • travels towards the CNS (ascending)
  • relay sensory information from the peripheral sensory receptors to the CNS for processing (touch, vibrations, etc. )
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5
Q

efferent nervous system

A
  • travels away from the CNS (descending)
  • relay motos information from the CNS to muscles and glands
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6
Q

where does the spinal cord end

A

around TXII - LII

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7
Q

what is the point at the end of the spinal cord

A

conus medullaris

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8
Q

what is the part of the spinal cord where the nerves branch off

A

cauda equina

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9
Q

what is the labeling method for nerves in the vertebrae

A

vertebrae- numerals
nerves- numbers

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10
Q

what is the hole in the base of the skull where the spinal cord leaves the skull to enter the vertebrae

A

foramen magnum

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11
Q

where is the cranial nerve located, how many, and what is the role it plays

A

location- emerges from the brain stem
how many- 12 cranial nerves
role- visual, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, and motor systems

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12
Q

what does IVF stand for

A

intervertebral foramen

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13
Q

where do the spinal nerves exit

A

spinal nerves exit the spinal canal through the IVF

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14
Q

how many spinal nerves for cervical vertebrae

A

C1-C8

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15
Q

how many spinal nerves for thoracic vertebrae

A

T1-T12

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16
Q

how many spinal nerves for lumbar veretbrae

A

L1-L5

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17
Q

how many spinal nerves for sacral vertebrae

A

S1-S5

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18
Q

how many spinal nerves for the coccygeal

A

one spinal nerve (Co)

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19
Q

where do the spinal nerves exit the IVF for cervical vertebrae

A

above the corresponding vertebrae

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20
Q

where do the spinal nerves exit the IVF for thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

A

below the corresponding vertebrae

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21
Q

nerve root

A

the part of the nerve that branches off the spinal cord, passes through the IVF and connects to the peripheral nerve

22
Q

nerve

A

once the nerve exits the IVF it becomes the spinal cord

23
Q

where is the cervical plexus located

A

C1-C4

24
Q

where is the brachial plexus located

A

C5-T1

25
Q

where is the lumbar plexus located

A

L1-L4

26
Q

where is the sacral plexus located

A

L4-S4

27
Q

true or false:
there is a plexus in the thoracic vertebrae

A

false

28
Q

what does the cervical plexus do

A

innervates the diaphragm , and some muscles, and skin on the head, neck, and upper chest

29
Q

what does the brachial plexus do

A

innervates the muscles of the upper limbs

30
Q

what does the lumbosacral plexus do

A

innervates the lower limbs

31
Q

innervation

A

nerves that control a muscles movement

32
Q

whats the inn of the gastrocnemius

A

lumbosacral plexus

33
Q

what are the nerve types in the upper extremity
which plexus do they originate from

A
  • radial nerve
  • median nerve
  • ulnar nerve
    they originate from the brachial plexus
34
Q

what are the nerve types in the lower extremity
which plexus do they originate from

A
  • sciatic nerve (made of the fibular nerve and the tibial nerve)
  • femoral nerve
35
Q

where is the radial nerve located

A

wraps posteriorly around the midshaft humerus. passes anterior to lateral epicondyle. travels posterolaterally in forearm

36
Q

where is the ulnar nerve located
(funny bone)

A

travels along the medial humerus. passes posterior to the medial epicondyle. travels along the anteromedial forearm to the medial corner of the hand

37
Q

where is the median nerve located
(carpal tunnel)

A

travels along the antero-medial humerus. travels anterior to the medial epicondyle. travels along the anterior forearm to the base of the middle of the palm

38
Q

where is the sciatic nerve located

A

travels out of the pelvis between the anterior sacrum and the posterior ischium. travels along the postero-medial femur. it splists just above the knee

39
Q

where is the common fibular nerve located

A

travels lateral to the knee. travels around the fibular neck. travels down anterior fibula and ends in dorsal surface of the foot

40
Q

where is the tibial nerve located

A

Travels across the posterior knee and posterior tibia. Travels medial to ankle joints to the plantar surface of the foot

41
Q

where is the femoral nerve located

A

Travels along medial ilium then travel superior/interior to the pubic bone travels along the anterior femur and ends in distal thigh musculature

42
Q

what is the importance of blood flow

A
  • delivers nutrients and oxygen to muscles
  • removes waste
43
Q

what are the two arteries in the arterial system

A
  • systemic arteries
  • pulmonary arteries
44
Q

what are the two veins in the venous system

A
  • systemic veins
  • pulmonary veins
45
Q

systemic arteries

A

deliver oxygenated blood from the heart to the muscles throughout the body

46
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Deliver deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

47
Q

Systemic veins

A

Deliver deoxygenated blood to the heart from the muscles of the body

48
Q

Pulmonary veins

A

Delivers oxygenated what to the heart from the lungs to be sent to the entire body via systemic arteries

49
Q

what does the arterial system do

A

carries blood away form the heart

50
Q

what does the venous system do

A

carries blood towards the heart

51
Q

what is the bridge between the arterial and venous systems

A

capillaries

HES 120 (12 decks)

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