Bones Flashcards
What is the role of bones?
(Super Monkeys Protect Bees Monthly)
- Supportive
- Aid in movement
- Protective
- Blood cell formation
- Mineral storage
What are the types of bones?
- Long bones
- Short bones (cube shape)
- Flat bones (etc. skull)
- Irregular bones (don’t belong in other categories)
- Sesamoid bones (round/oval shape, develop with tendons)
What are the types of skeletal systems?
- Axial (skull, vertebrae, scrum and coccyx, ribs, and sternum)
- Appendicular: (upper and lower extremities)
What are the two types of bones in the skull and how many of each
- 8 cranial
- 14 facial
Label the skull
What are the vertebrae separated by?
Intervertebral discs
What are the vertebrae types and how many of each?
Cant The Lion Scare Cats
- 7 Cervical
- 12 Thoracic
- 5 Lumbar
- 5 Sacral (make up the sacrum)
- 4 Coccygeal (make up the coccyx)
Process
a projection or growth coming off a bone
Articular
relating to a joint or region which the joint is located
Foramen
an opening/hole in the bone
Label the vertebrae
How to distinguish a Lumbar Vertebrae?
- largest and heaviest
- body: kidney-shaped
- vertebral foramen: triangle-shaped
- transverse process: short
- spinous process: thick, short, square, point posteriorly
Costal
Relating to the ribs
Facet
A small, smooth, flat surface
How to distinguish a Cervical Vertebrae?
- body: small and oval
- vertebral foramen: triangular
- transverse process: contains transverse foramen
- Spinous process: fork-shaped
- Articular facet: superior and inferior
Where is the Atlas located?
CI
How to distinguish the Axis?
- Dens (odontoid process)
- Body
- Transverse process
- Spinous process
How to distinguish the Atlas?
- Vertebral foramen
- Lateral mass
- Superior Articular facet(s)
- Transverse process
- NO SPINOUS PROCESS
Where is the Axis located?
CII
How to distinguish the Thoracic Vertebrae?
- Body: heart shape
- Vertebral foramen: circular
- Transverse process: long, articular facets for the ribs
- Spinous process: long, points inferiorly, skinny
Distinguish the Vertebrae
Left: Cervical
Middle: Thoracic
Right: Lumbar
Label the Sacrum and Coccyx
(1, 2, 10, coccyx)
What is the Manubrium?
the body the of the sternum
What are the types of ribs?
- Top 7 ribs: true ribs
- Ribs 8-12: false ribs
- Ribs 10-12: floating ribs
Tubercule
A small round projection (bump) on the surface of the bone
Label the Rib
What are the parts of the Appendicular skeleton?
- Shoulder Girdle
- Upper extremities
- Lower extremities
- Pelvis
Where is the Scapula located?
The shoulder blade (sits on rib I and VII)
Label the Scapula
Where is the clavicle located?
connects to the scapula at the acromial end, and the sternum at the sternal end
Label the clavicle
What is the olecranon?
the boney bump that makes up the elbow
What is the styloid?
Attached to the distal end the f the Radius and ulna. Resembles a tip of a pen
Label the Radius and Ulna
What is the Pollex
the thumb
What are the types of bones in the hand and how many of each?
- 8 carpal bones
- 5 metacarpal bones
- 14 phalanges (proximal, middle, distal)
Label the hand
Acetabulum
the socket of the hip joint
Label the pelvis
Innominate
the hip bone
Patella
the knee cap
Label the Femur
Label the Tibia and Fibula
Hullux
the big toe
What are the types of bones that make up the foot and how many of each?
- 7 tarsal bones
- 5 metatarsal bone
- 14 phalanges
Talus
Where the tibia and fibula sit on the foot. Controls movement up and down
Calcaneus, and what direction of movement it controls
The heel, movement side to side
What are bones made of?
- Compact bone: the dense outer shell
- Spongy bone: forms cavities that are filled with bone marrow
Which bone layer has more sensory nerves
outer layer
What does the vascular system do for bones?
brings nutrients and transports cells that the bone marrow made into the blood stream
