Ankle & Leg Flashcards
How to describe muscles based off of absolute size
- brevis: short
- longus: long
- vastus: wide
How to describe muscles based off of relative size
- maximus/medius/minimus
-major/minor
How to describe muscles based off of location
- anterior/posterior
- internal/external
How to describe muscles based off of action
- extensor/flexor
- pronator/supinator
How to describe muscles based off of location/body region
- carpi: wrist area
- cervicis: neck area (cervical vert)
- digitum: finger/toes
- femoris: femur/thigh region
How to describe muscles based off of muscle fiber orientation
- oblique: angle
- rectus: straight
- transversus: across
How to describe muscles based off of number of heads
- biceps: two heads
- triceps: three heads
- quadriceps: four heads
How to describe muscles based off of muscle shape
- deltoid: triangular
- trapezius: trapezoid
- serratus: serrated/jagged
Label the femur
Label the patella
base=top
apex=bottom (point)
Label the tibia and fibula
Label the foot
- hullux: digit 1
- each metatarsal and phalange have a base/shaft/head
- base: proximal
-head: distal
patellofemoral joint
- type: planar
- movement: sliding and gliding
- ligaments: patellar ligament
tibiofemoral joint
- type: bicondylar
- movement: flexion/extension, lateral rotation
- ligaments:
- patellar ligament
- lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
- medial collateral ligament (MCL)
- anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
- posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
proximal tibiofemoral joint
- type: plane
- movement: sliding/gliding
- ligaments: interosseous membrane
distal tibiofemoral joint
- type: solid
- movement: minimal to none
- ligaments: anterior/posterior tibiofibular ligament
talocrural joint
- type: hinge
- movement: plantar flexion, dorsiflexion
subtalar joint
- type: plane
- movement: inversion,eversion
ligaments of the ankle
lateral:
- posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)
- anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
medial:
- posterior tibiotalar ligament (PTTL)
- anterior tibiotalar ligament (ATTL)
tibialis anterior
origin:
- lateral tibial surface
- interosseous membrane
insertion:
- dorsomedial surface of metatarsal I
innervation:
- anterior compartment (CFN)
function:
- ankle dorsiflexion
- inversion
extensor digitorum longus
origin:
- lateral tibial condyle
- medial fibular surface
insertion:
- dorsal surface of lateral four phalanges
innervation:
- anterior compartment (CFN)
function:
- extension of lateral toes
- ankle dorsiflexion
extensor hallucis longus
origin:
- medial surface of fibula
- interosseous membrane
insertion:
- dorsal surface of hallux
innervation:
- anterior compartment (CFN)
function:
- hallux extension
- dorsiflexion
fibularis longus
origin:
- upper lateral surface and head of fibula
insertion:
- plantar surface of metatarsal I
innervation:
- lateral compartment (CFN)
function:
- supports arch of foot
fibular brevis
origin:
- lower lateral surface of fibular shaft
insertion:
- lateral aspect of metatarsal V
innervation:
- lateral compartment (CFN)
function:
- ankle eversion
- plantar flexion
gastrocnemius
origin:
- postero-lateral femoral condyle
-postero-medial femoral condyle
insertion:
- posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon (achilles)
innervation:
- posterior compartment (TN)
function:
- plantar flexion
- aids in knee flexion
soleus
origin:
- soleal line
- posterior fibula
insertion:
- posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon (achilles)
innervation:
- posterior compartment (TN)
function: plantar flexion
tibialis posterior
origin:
- posterior surface of interosseous membrane
- posterior tibia and fibula
insertion:
- plantar surface of nearly all tarsals/metatarsals
innervation:
- posterior compartment (TN)
function:
- inversion
- plantar flexion
- supports medial arch
