Ankle & Leg

Question 1

How to describe muscles based off of absolute size

Answer 1

• brevis: short
• longus: long
• vastus: wide

Question 2

How to describe muscles based off of relative size

Answer 2

• maximus/medius/minimus
  -major/minor

Question 3

How to describe muscles based off of location

Answer 3

• anterior/posterior
• internal/external

Question 4

How to describe muscles based off of action

Answer 4

• extensor/flexor
• pronator/supinator

Question 5

How to describe muscles based off of location/body region

Answer 5

• carpi: wrist area
• cervicis: neck area (cervical vert)
• digitum: finger/toes
• femoris: femur/thigh region

Question 6

How to describe muscles based off of muscle fiber orientation

Answer 6

• oblique: angle
• rectus: straight
• transversus: across

Question 7

How to describe muscles based off of number of heads

Answer 7

• biceps: two heads
• triceps: three heads
• quadriceps: four heads

Question 8

How to describe muscles based off of muscle shape

Answer 8

• deltoid: triangular
• trapezius: trapezoid
• serratus: serrated/jagged

Question 9

Label the femur

Answer 9

Question 10

Label the patella

Answer 10

base=top
apex=bottom (point)

Question 11

Label the tibia and fibula

Answer 11

Question 12

Label the foot

Answer 12

• hullux: digit 1
• each metatarsal and phalange have a base/shaft/head
• base: proximal
  -head: distal

Question 13

patellofemoral joint

Answer 13

• type: planar
• movement: sliding and gliding
• ligaments: patellar ligament

Question 14

tibiofemoral joint

Answer 14

• type: bicondylar
• movement: flexion/extension, lateral rotation
• ligaments:
  
  • patellar ligament
  • lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
  • medial collateral ligament (MCL)
  • anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
  • posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Question 15

proximal tibiofemoral joint

Answer 15

• type: plane
• movement: sliding/gliding
• ligaments: interosseous membrane

Question 16

distal tibiofemoral joint

Answer 16

• type: solid
• movement: minimal to none
• ligaments: anterior/posterior tibiofibular ligament

Question 17

talocrural joint

Answer 17

• type: hinge
• movement: plantar flexion, dorsiflexion

Question 18

subtalar joint

Answer 18

• type: plane
• movement: inversion,eversion

Question 19

ligaments of the ankle

Answer 19

lateral:
- posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)
- anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)
medial:
- posterior tibiotalar ligament (PTTL)
- anterior tibiotalar ligament (ATTL)

Question 20

lumbosacral plexus

Answer 20

• lumbar plexus: L1-L4
• sacral plexus: L4-S4
  innervates lower limbs

Question 21

compartments of the leg

Answer 21

• anterior/lateral compartment: common fibular nerve
• posterior compartment: tibial nerve

Question 22

tibialis anterior

Answer 22

origin:
- lateral tibial surface
- interosseous membrane
insertion:
- dorsomedial surface of metatarsal I
innervation:
- anterior compartment (CFN)
function:
- ankle dorsiflexion
- inversion

Question 23

extensor digitorum longus

Answer 23

origin:
- lateral tibial condyle
- medial fibular surface
insertion:
- dorsal surface of lateral four phalanges
innervation:
- anterior compartment (CFN)
function:
- extension of lateral toes
- ankle dorsiflexion

Question 24

extensor hallucis longus

Answer 24

origin:
- medial surface of fibula
- interosseous membrane
insertion:
- dorsal surface of hallux
innervation:
- anterior compartment (CFN)
function:
- hallux extension
- dorsiflexion

Question 25

fibularis longus

Answer 25

origin: - upper lateral surface and head of fibula insertion: - plantar surface of metatarsal I innervation: - lateral compartment (CFN) function: - supports arch of foot

Question 26

fibular brevis

Answer 26

origin: - lower lateral surface of fibular shaft insertion: - lateral aspect of metatarsal V innervation: - lateral compartment (CFN) function: - ankle eversion - plantar flexion

Question 27

gastrocnemius

Answer 27

origin: - postero-lateral femoral condyle -postero-medial femoral condyle insertion: - posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon (achilles) innervation: - posterior compartment (TN) function: - plantar flexion - aids in knee flexion

Question 28

soleus

Answer 28

origin: - soleal line - posterior fibula insertion: - posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon (achilles) innervation: - posterior compartment (TN) function: plantar flexion

Question 29

tibialis posterior

Answer 29

origin: - posterior surface of interosseous membrane - posterior tibia and fibula insertion: - plantar surface of nearly all tarsals/metatarsals innervation: - posterior compartment (TN) function: - inversion - plantar flexion - supports medial arch

Question 30

veins

Answer 30

- superior vena cava - inferior vena cava - common iliac vein - external iliac vein - internal iliac vein - femoral vein - anterior tibial vein - posterior tibial vein - fibular vein - pulmonary vein - popliteal vein

Question 31

arteries

Answer 31

- ascending aorta - aortic arch - pulmonary arteries - thoracic artery - abdominal artery - common iliac artery - external iliac artery - internal iliac artery - femoral artery - anterior tibial artery - posterior tibial artery - fibular artery - popliteal artery

Question 32

what muscles are in the anterior compartment and what nerve innervates it

Answer 32

common fibular nerve - tibialis anterior - extensor digitorum longus - extensor hallucis longus

Question 33

what muscles are in the lateral compartment and what nerve innervates it

Answer 33

common fibular nerve - fibularis longus - fibular brevis

Question 34

what muscles are in the posterior compartment and what nerve innervates it

Answer 34

tibial nerve - gastrocnemius - soleus - tibialis posterior - flexor hallucis longus - flexor digitorum longus