Joints Flashcards
Connective Tissue
Tissues that share a common molecular composition
- They provide support and protection
What are the types of tissues?
- Connective tissues
- Muscle tissues
- Nervous tissues
- Dermal tissues
What are the types of connective tissues?
- Bones
- Cartilage (Hyaline, Fibro)
- Ligaments
- Tendons
- Joint capsules
-Fascia - Blood vessels
Tendons
Connect bone to muscle (force is applied in one direction)
Joint capsules
Surround joints (force is applied in all directions)
Flexion
Decrease in angle between body parts on either side of the joint
Extension
Increase in angle between body parts on either side of the joint
Abduction
Movement away from the midline in coronal/frontal plane
Adduction
Movement towards the midline in coronal/frontal plane
Medial rotation
Rotational movement towards the midline
Lateral rotation
Rotational movement away from the midline
Elevation
Moving superiorly
Depression
Moving inferiorly
Protaction
Moving anteriorly
Retraction
Moving posteriorly
How to determine solid joints
- No joint cavity present
- The bone surface is connected by stiff connective tissue (most often fibrocartilage)
- Allows little movement
How to determine synovial joints
- Have a small cavity between adjoining bones which are surrounded by a joint capsule
- The capsule is filled with synovial fluid which lubricates the joint surface
- Allow for movment
What are the types and movements of synovial joints?
Types:
- Planar -Hinge -Pivot -Bicondylar
- Condylar -Saddle -Ball and socket
Movement:
- Uniaxial (one plane)
- Biaxial (two planes)
- Multiaxial (three planes)
Label the synovial joint
How to determine plane joints
- Uniaxial
- Allows sliding/gliding movements between bones in one plane
Convex
having an outline or surface curved like the exterior of a sphere or a circle
Concave
having an outline or surface that curves inward like the interior of a cave
How to determine hinge joints
- Bone articular surfaces are convex and concave
- permits movement along one plane
What type of movement does a hinge joint have
Flexion and extension
Plantar flexion
flexing towards the plantar surface (pointing foot)
Dorsiflexion
flexing towards the dorsal surface (flexing foot)
How to determine pivot joints
- when one cylinder bone rotates within the concavity of another bone
- permits rotation in one plane (passes longitudinally along the shaft of a bone)
What type pf movement does a pivot joint have
Permits rotation
Condyle
a rounded protuberance (something that sticks out) at the end of some bones, which forms an articulation with another bone (often egg-shaped)
Protuberance
something that protrudes/sticks out from a surface
Articulation
the point where two bones meet to form a joint
How to determine bicondylar joints
- biaxial
- when two slightly convex bone surfaces (the condyles), fit into two slightly concave surfaces
- the condyle is often egg-shaped
- allows movement in two planes (one has full movement, the other has limited
What type of movement does a bicondylar joint permit
flexion/extension/rotation
How to determine a condylar joint
- biaxial
- when one slightly convex bone surface (the condyle), fits into a slightly concave surface
- the condyle is often egg-shaped
What type of movement does a condylar joint permit
flexion/extension, abduction/adduction
How to determine a saddle joint
- articular surfaces are saddle (c) shaped
- allows movement in two planes at right angles to one another
What type of movement does a saddle joint permit
flexion/extension, abduction/adduction
How to determine a ball and socket joint
- rounded/convex bone surface (ball) fits into a socket/concavity of another bone
- allows movement in multiple planes
What type of movement does a ball and socket joint permit
flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, rotation
What are the types of solid joints
- pubic symphysis
- sutures of the skull
What type of movement is an acromioclavicular joint
planar movement
What type of movement is a humero-ulnar joint
flexion/extension
What type of movement is Talocrural joint
plantarflexion/dorsiflexion
What type of movement is Atlanto-axial
rotation
What type of movement is Tibiofemoral joint
flexion/extension, medial/lateral rotation
What type of movement is temporomandibular joint
elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, lateral deviation
What type of movement is sternoclavicular joint
Elevation/depression, protraction/retraction
What type of movement is acetabulofemoral joint
flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, medial/lateral rotation
