Head, face, and neck musclature Flashcards
parts of the skull
- frontal
- temporal: mastoid process
- parietal
- occipital
- mandible
- zygomatic
- ramus (ramus, body, condylar process)
clavicle and where it attaches
- connects to scapula at the acromial end
- connects to sternum at the sternal end
parts of the scapula
- coracoid process
- acromion
- lateral/medial border
- superior/inferior angle
- scapula spine
- glenoid cavity
skull joints (type and movement)
type: suture (solid)
movement: none
- coronal suture
- sagittal suture
- lambdoid suture
temporomandibular joint
type: condylar
movement: elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, lateral deviation
atlanto -occipital joint
type: condylar/ellipsoid
movement: flexion, depression, side flexion (left and right)
atlantoaxial joint
type: pivot
movement: rotation
- CI and CII
intervertebral joint
type: solid
movement: minimal to none
ligaments: intervertebral disc
roles of the intervertebral discs and what its made of
- absorbs shock, binds spinal column together, supports body weight
- composed of fibrocartilage rings
facet joints
type: plane
movement: sliding/gliding
types of breathing mechanics
- inspiration
- expiration
inspiration
- skeletal muscles move rib cage up and ut to allow for lung expansion
- ribs move in a bucket handle motion
- the diaphragm increases thoracic volume by compressing abdominal viscera, allowing for increased lung expansion
what are the muscles used in inspiration
many muscles act as a synergist or fixators
- diaphragm
- intercostals
- scalenes (scalene mass)
what are the joints used in inspiration
- costotransverse joints
- costovertebral joints
- sternocostal joints
expiration
- skeletal muscles move rib cage down and in during forceful exhalation to force air out of the lungs
- the ribs move in a bucket handle motion
- the diaphragm passively moves up, back into its resting position
what muscles are used in expiration
many muscles act as synergists or fixators
- internal obliques
- external obliques
- rectus abdominis
- intercostals
parts of the CNS
- brain
- brain stem
- cranial nerves
cranial nerves roles and how many
visual, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, and motor systems
- 12 cranial nerves
spinal nerves
- cervical: C1-C8
- thoracic: T1-T12
- lumbar: L1-L5
- sacral: S1-S5
- coccygeal: Co
where does C1-C7 spinal nerves exit the IVF
above the corresponding vertebrae
where does C8-Co spinal nerves exit the IVF
below the corresponding vertebrae
brachial plexus
C5-T1
- innervates upper limbs
arteries in the neck and shoulder
- brachiocephalic artery (right only)
- common carotid artery
- subclavian artery
veins in the neck and shoulder
- superior vena cava
- brachiocephalic vein (right only)
- subclavian vein
- internal jugular veins
temporalis
origin:
- temporal fossa of temporal bone
insertion:
- mandible
innervation: cranial nerve
function: elevation of mandible
masseter
origin:
- maxilla
insertion:
- mandible
innervation: cranial nerve
function: elevation of mandible
sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
origin:
- proximal sternum
- medial clavicle
insertion:
- mastoid process
- occipital bone
innervation: cranial nerve
function: side flexion and neck rotation
trapezius (upper,mid,lower)
origin:
- occipital bone
- spinous process of CI-TXII
insertion:
- lateral clavicle
- acromion
- spine of scapula
innervation: cranial nerve
function: elevation/depression, retraction of scapula
scalene mass
origin:
- transverse process of cervical vertebrae
insertion:
- upper surface of ribs I and II
innervation: brachial plexus
function: elevation of ribs I and II, aids in forced inhalation
triangles of the neck (anterior borders)
- neck midline
- inferior edge of mandible
- anterior edge of sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
triangles of the neck (posterior borders)
- post edge of sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
- anterior edge of trapezius
- superior edge of clavicle
- inferior edge of occipital bone
levator scapulae
origin:
- transverse process of cervical process
insertion:
- superior angle of scapula
innervation: brachial plexus
function: scapula elevation
