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Equine Anatomy Midterm- Final > Thoracic Limb Module Learning Issues > Flashcards

Thoracic Limb Module Learning Issues Flashcards

1
Q

Carpal Joints

A

Radiocarpal Joint, Middle Carpal Joint, Carpometacarpal joint

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2
Q

Joint Pouches Carpal Joints

A

Radiocarpal joint and Middle Carpal joints both have dorsal and palmarolateral joint pouches

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3
Q

clinical access carpal joints

A

normally access radoiocarpal and middle carpal joints on the dorsal aspect on on either side of tendon fo extensor carpi radialis with limb held in flexion

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4
Q

carpal effusion or laceration to dorsal aspect carpus may

A

access palmarolateral aspect of joints

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5
Q

palmarolateral access radoiocarpal joint and middle carpal joint

A

palpate tendons of lateral digital extensor and long tendon of extensor carpi ulnaris when horse is standing, following these tendons distally until they form V with extensor retinaculum; small depression 1/2 to 1 cm to this V is where we place needle perpendicularly palmarolateral pouch middle carpal joint is about 1 inch below where we access palmarolateral pouch radiocarpal joint

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6
Q

carpometacarpal joint access

A

treated via its communication with the middle carpal joint they communicate the majority of the time except in cases of severe osteoarthritis when bony proliferation blocks this communcaiton

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7
Q

flexion of carpus due to

A

movement in radiocarpal joint and middle carpal joint; in normal horse should be able to bring digit to elbow without causing discomfort

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8
Q

during flexion bc of inter carpal ligaments btwn carpal bones

A

intermediate carpal bone moves proximally in relation to radial carpal bone; important in interpretation of flexed lateral view of carpus

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9
Q

extensor surface of the carpus

A

dorsal aspect (any tendon that crosses this surface will be an extensor of this joint when its muscle contracts)

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10
Q

flexor surface of the carpus

A

palmar aspect (any tendon that crosses this surface will be a flexor of this joint when its muscle contracts)

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11
Q

Flexors of the carpus

A

no grooves for flexor tendons like there is for extensors; SDF, DDF, Flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis

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12
Q

carpal flexor proximal attachments

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus

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13
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

located medially and sits right against the radius

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14
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

located laterally (like the ulna)

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15
Q

Flexor cari radialis tendon distal attachment

A

proximal aspect of medial splint bone (metacarpal 2) (mirrors long tendon of extensor carpi unaris on lateral side)

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16
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris tendon distal attachment

A

accessory carpal bone; short tendon of extensor carpi ulnaris also attaches to accessory carpal bone

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17
Q

superficial digital flexor tendon distal attachments

A

has attachment points P1 and P2

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18
Q

deep digital flexor tendon distal attachments

A
  • DDF has multiple heads of origin

- distal attachments on palmar aspect of P3

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19
Q

DDF and SDF share

A

common carpal synovial sheath and course through carpal canal

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20
Q

carpal canal

A

defined as a tunnel

  • floor of tunnel= palmar carpal ligament
  • roof of tunnel= flexor retinaculum
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21
Q

palmar carpal ligament

A

runs along palmar aspect of carpal bones to prevent overextension

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22
Q

what travels through carpal canal

A

SDF, DDF, median artery and vein, median and ulnar nerves

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23
Q

median and ulnar nerves in carpal canal

A

will branch and form medial and lateral palmar nerves

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24
Q

extensors of carpus

A

cr -> L extensor carpi radialis, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor extensor carpi ulnaris,

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25
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris distal attachment

A

Short tendon- accessory carpal bone

long tendon- travels through groove on accessory carpal bone to attach on proximal aspect of 4th metacarpal bone

26
Q

common digital extensor distal attachment

A

common digital extensor tendon travels through groove on radius attaches to P1, P2, P3 distally

27
Q

extensor carpi radialis distal attachment

A

tendon travels through groove on radius to proximal tuberosity of metacarpal three

28
Q

lateral digital extensor distal attachment

A

proximal P1 with common digital extensor

29
Q

proximal attachment carpal extensors

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

30
Q

lateral styloid process of radius

A

has shallow groove for tendon of lateral digital extensor

31
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris is

A

actually a flexor of the carpus because of its attachments of the accessory carpal bonanza lateral splint and it crosses flexor surface of carpus but its grouped with extensors because shares innervation of radial nerve and shares proximal attachments and was evolutionarily an extensor

32
Q

what innervates extensors of carpus

A

radial nerve

33
Q

tendon sheaths and carpal extensors

A

all tendons have associated tendon sheaths except short tendon of extensor carpi ulnaris which goes to accessory carpal bone
(aka tendon of extensor carpi radialis, tendon of common digital extensor, tendon of lateral digital extensor, and long tendon of extensor carpi ulnaris)

34
Q

tendon sheaths of extensors of carpus can

A

get distended because of excess synovial fluid and cause distinct swellings on the limb

35
Q

flexor carpi radialis has

A

a tendon sheath which runs through canal formed with flexor retinaculum

36
Q

who has tendon sheaths

A

SDF, DDF, Flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis, common digital extensor, lateral digital extensor, long tendon of extensor carpi ulnaris

37
Q

think of carpus as having

A

8 different surfaces
4 simples are dorsal and palmar surfaces and lateral and medial sufaces
4 others are dorsolateral, dorsomedial, palmarolateral surface, and palmaromedial surface

38
Q

view is named from

A

direction of X-ray beam to where plate is sitting

39
Q

things in profile

A

ie things we can see will be opposite then the name of the view

40
Q

DP view of the carpus position to shoot

A

person holding beam source on dorsal aspect plate positioned on palmar aspect of the carpus

41
Q

lateral to medial view of carpus

A

person holding beam source on lateral side of limb and x-ray beam directed through the carpus to plate on medial aspect of purpose

42
Q

what do you see on DP view of carpus

A

see lateral and medial surface of carpus; can see lateral surface of radius including styloid process and lateral aspect of some carpal bones and same holds true for medial surface (medial styloid process of radius and medial surface of some carpal bones)

43
Q

what do you see on lateral to medial view of carpus

A

dorsal and palar surfaces of carpus

44
Q

accessory carpal bone DP view

A

completely superimposed over radius and proximal row of carpal bones in this view

45
Q

accessory carpal bone dorsal palmar view

A

this is the one view where you can see the accessory carpal bone not summated on any other bones

46
Q

DLPMO stands for

A

dorsolateral palmaromedial oblique

47
Q

DLPMO positioning to shoot

A

xray beam source positioned on dorsolateral aspect of surface and plate sits on palmaromedial surface

48
Q

what surfaces do you see on DLPMO view

A

see dorsomedial and palarolateral surfaces in profile

49
Q

what does DMPLO stand for

A

dorsomedial palmarolateral oblique

50
Q

positioning DMPLO

A

xray beam source positioned on dorsomedial surface and plate sits on palmarolateral surface

51
Q

what surfaces do you see on DMPLO

A

Dorsolateral Palmaromedial surfaces

52
Q

chip fractures seen in DLPMO view

A

these are located on doromedial surface of radius, proximal and distal rows of carpal bones

53
Q

accessory carpal bone DLPMO view

A

looks like baseball catchers hit in this view on palmarolateral surface

54
Q

what bones do you see on DMPLO

A

bones on dorsolateral and palmaromedial aspects of carpus
- 2nd carpal bone (on palmaromedial surface); in this view not imposed on other carpal bones; this articulates forms lower case t;

55
Q

what bones do you see on DMPLO

A

bones on dorsolateral and palmaromedial aspects of carpus

  • 2nd carpal bone (on palmaromedial surface); in this view not imposed on other carpal bones; this articulates forms lower case t
  • dorsolateral surface of the radius and rows of carpal bones
56
Q

How to tell 4th carpal bone vs 2nd carpal bone articulations apart

A

4th carpal bone articulation you see on DLPMO view forms uppercase t
2nd carpal bone see on DMPLO making lower case t

57
Q

flexed lateral view

A

limb held in flexion and x ray beam source on lateral aspect of limb and plate on medial aspect of the limb

58
Q

skyline views

A

take to see more dorsal aspect of carpal views

- can take skyline of proximal or distal row of carpal bones

59
Q

why take flexed lateral

A

when flex limb the intermediate carpal bone moves proximal to radial carpal bone can use this to further define where location of chip may be on either of these bones

60
Q

other name for skyline views

A

dorsoproximal to dorsodistal oblique views

61
Q

how to hold for skyline

A

horses limb held in flexion this time plate on dorsal aspect of cannon bone and xray beam is shot downward; angle of xray beam dictates if you are shooting through proximal or distal row of carpal bones

Equine Anatomy Midterm- Final (15 decks)

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