Lab 9 Hind Limbs Learning Objectives

Question 1

palpable bony land marks hindlimb of horse

Answer 1

tuber coxae, tuber sacrale, ischiatic tuberosity

Question 2

superficial drainage of the hindlimb

Answer 2

medial saphenous vein (cr and cd branches) and lateral saphenous vein to femoral vein

Question 3

medial saphenous vein

Answer 3

emerges between sartorial and gracilis on medial surface of thigh; bifurcates in proximal part of leg after it runs over stifle into cr and cd branches

Question 4

cd branch medial saphenous vein

Answer 4

passes cddistally and run sin depression between common calcanea tendon and eep digital flexor to the jock

Question 5

cr branch medial saphenous vein

Answer 5

continues distally crossing medial surface of tibia and anastomoses with cranial tibial vein at hock, ends on dorsomedial surface of hock by giving rise to dorsal common digital vein

Question 6

veins in hind limb

Answer 6

femoral, popliteal, cr tibial, medial and lateral plantar

Question 7

bony landmarks of pelvis

Answer 7

tuber coxae, tuber sacrale, ischiatic tuberosity

- tuber coxae most cr, tuber sacrale most dorsal, ischiatic tiberoslty most cd and ventral

Question 8

bony landmarks of femur

Answer 8

greater, lesser, and 3rd trochanters

• greater lateral, cr
• lesser medial
• 3rd lateral, ventral

Question 9

what happens over tarsocrural joint

Answer 9

anastomosis of cr tibial with cr branch of medial saphenous vein

Question 10

femoral nerve

Answer 10

• saphenous nerve is a branch of large and important femoral nerve
• femoral nerve (L4-L6)
• femoral nerve passes between rectus femoris and vests medals, the cr and medial heads respectively of the quadriceps femoris
• innervates extensor action of quadriceps on the stifle which is essential to support the limb

Question 11

gracilis attachments and innervation

Answer 11

• proximal attachment along pelvis (iliopubic eminence/ pubis/ symphysis)
• distal attachment to cr tibia and medial patellar ligament
• innervation obturator

Question 12

adductor attachments and innervation

Answer 12

• proximal attachment along pelvis (iliopubic eminence/ pubis/ symphysis)
• distal attachment distal femur
• innervation obturator nerve

Question 13

pectineus

Answer 13

• proximal attachment along pelvis (iliopubic eminence/ pubis/ symphysis)
• distal attachment distal femur
• innervation obturator nerve

Question 14

sartorius

Answer 14

• proximal attachment along pelvis (iliopubic eminence/ pubis/ symphysis)
• distal attachment iliac fascia to medial aspect of stifle
• innervation femoral nerve

Question 15

adductors

Answer 15

gracilis, adductor, pectineus, sartorius (some adduction)

Question 16

sartorius fx

Answer 16

some adduction, hip flexion, only one belly unlike dog who has cr and cd belly

Question 17

quadriceps femoris 4 heads

Answer 17

vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris

Question 18

quadriceps femoris attachments

Answer 18

• all vastus heads arise from proximal femur
• rectus femoris arises from ilium just cr to acetabulum
• all attach via patellar ligaments to tibial tuberosity
• innervation- via femoral nerve

Question 19

iliopsoas

Answer 19

• ventral surface of vertebrea (psoas major) and ilium/ sacrum (iliacus) to lesser trochanter
  innervation- ventral branches of lumbar nerves/ lumbosacral plexus likely femoral

Question 20

Superficial gluteal

Answer 20

• tuber coxae/ gluteal fascia to 3rd trochanter

- cr gluteal and cd gluteal nerve

Question 21

deep gluteal

Answer 21

• ischial spine to greater trochanter

- cr gluteal

Question 22

middle gluteal

Answer 22

• gluteal surface of ilium to greater trochanter

- cr gluteal

Question 23

accessory gluteal

Answer 23

• on deep surface of middle gluteal arises form similar region of gluteal surface of ilium as middle gluteal to greater; trochanteric bursa
• cr gluteal

Question 24

femoral nerve innervates

Answer 24

• iliopsoas (partially)
• sartorius
• quadriceps femoris

Question 25

femoral triangle

Answer 25

space between the sartorius crly, the pectineus cdly, the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis medially and quadriceps laterally

Question 26

vascular lacuna

Answer 26

(dorsal) base of the narrow femoral triangle

Question 27

femoral triangle contains

Answer 27

femoral vessels and the deep inguinal lymph nodes

Question 28

deep inguinal lymph nodes

Answer 28

receive nearly all the lymph from hindlimb

Question 29

main arterial pipeline of hindlimb

Answer 29

aorta -> ex iliac -> cr tibial -> dorsal metatarsal -> (perforating tarsal) -> medial/ lateral plantar and medial / lateral plantar metatarsal -> medial and lateral plantar digital

Question 30

internal iliac artery

Answer 30

aorta -> internal iliac artery 1. internal pudendal 1a. artery of the bulb of the penis 1b. prostatic artery 1c. vaginal 1cc. uterine branch of vaginal 2. umbilical artery 2a. artery of the ductus deferens 3. cr gluteal 3a. obturator artery 3aa. middle artery of the penis 4. cd gluteal

Question 31

cd gluteal artery

Answer 31

- passes caudally in the dorsolateral wall of the pelvic cavity deep to dorsal attachment of sacrosciatic ligament - at middle of sacrum it pierces the ligament and sends several substantial branches into biceps and semitendinosus - gives rise to artery of the tail

Question 32

cranial gluteal artery

Answer 32

- immediately gives rise to iliolumbar and large obturator artery - passes laterally through greater sciatic foramen and enters gluteus medius - accompanied by cr gluteal nerve

Question 33

obturator artery

Answer 33

- is a branch off cr gluteal artery? - gives off iliacofemoral artery - obturator artery and nerve pass caudoventrally on shaft of ilium to and through obturator foramen which is covered by internal obturator muscle - in male it supplies adductors and gives rise to middle and deep arteries of the penis - in mare supplies adductors and gives off cd branch to clitoris, the artery of the clitoris

Question 34

iliopsoas function

Answer 34

Main hip flexor; flexor of vertebral column

Question 35

superficial gluteal function

Answer 35

contributes to extension, abductor (primary)

Question 36

middle gluteal function

Answer 36

hip extensor, during extension abduct and rotate pelvic limb medially

Question 37

deep gluteal function

Answer 37

hip extensor during extension abduct hip and rotate pelvic limb medially

Question 38

quadriceps femoris function

Answer 38

stifle extensor; rectus femoris can participate in hip flexion

Question 39

acetabular notch

Answer 39

articular surface of acetabulum is interrupted ventrally by acetabular notch which is bridged by transverse ligament

Question 40

tibial tuberosity

Answer 40

cr d part of tibia v to patella

Question 41

patella

Answer 41

sesamoid associated with femur

Question 42

medial and lateral condyles

Answer 42

rounded portion base of femur at same level as patella

Question 43

medial and lateral supracondylar femoral tuberosity

Answer 43

on v portion of femur d to femoral condyle/ d to femoral epicondyle

Question 44

medial saphenous vein

Answer 44

on medial surface of thigh; emerges between sartorius and gracilis; branch of femoral vein which lies deeper; bifurcates in proximal part of leg after stifle

Question 45

branches md saphenous vein

Answer 45

- caudal brach passes cd distally and runs in depression between common calcanea tendon and deep digital flexor to the hock - cranial branch continues distally, crossing md surface of tibia and anastomoses with cr tibial vein at hock