Lab 12 Hock and Stifle Joints Flashcards
femoral epicondyles
located distal to the condyles
medial and lateral condyles tibia
distal end of tibia lateral to tibial tuberosity
intercondylar eminenece tibia
space on the top of the bone between the two condyles of the tibia
patellar ligaments
medial, lateral, and intermediate
patellar ligaments, femoropateallar ligaments, and collateral ligaments
- medial, lateral, and intermediate patellar ligaments
- femoropateallar ligaments(on either side side between patella and femur, helps keep patella on sledding surface)
- collateral ligaments- medial and lateral collateral ligaments; on outside of stifle, run femur to tibia/ fibula?
common tendon of fibularis tertius and long digital extensor
arises from extensor fossa of distal femur
stay apparatus fx
enables horse to support hind quarters with a minimum of muscular effort by preventing flexion in stifle and hock joints and over-extension in fetlock and phalangeal joints
stay apparatus components
- Reciprocal apparatus (superficial digital flexor and peroneus tertius)
- patellar locking mechanism
- Suspensory apparatus
suspensory apparatus fx
fetlock and phalangeal joints supported principally by suspensory and superficial and deep flexor tendons with fetlock joint slightly over extended
suspensory attachments
- arises proximally to fetlock, attaches on proximal sesamoid bones, and is functionally continued by distal sesamoidian ligaments attaching on plantar surface of proximal two phalanges
superficial and deep flexor tendons
- attach proximal and distal to fetlock and lend further support to the fetlock joint; the tendinous structures are under tension when weight is on overextended fetlock joint and supports the joint by preventing it from overextending further
joint capsule hock
common to all 4 component joints, tarsocrural joint, proximal intertarsal joint, distal intertarsal joint, and tarsometatarsal joint
synovial membrane of hock joint
attached to articular surfaces of each component joint
joint pouch
part of a joint capsule that is free to bulge when distended by synovial (soft In live animal)
pouches tarsocrural joint
small medioplantar pouch, lateroplantar pouch of tarsocrural joint, dorsal pouch of tarsocrural joint (divided into dorsomedial and dorsolateral pouches by medial saphenous vein)
long plantar ligament
tendinous tissue on plantar surface of calcaneus; this is a strong flat band attached to plantar surface of calcaneus and covering the lateral part of plantar surface of hock joint; passes distally to plantar surface of T4 and Mt4
long plantar ligament
passes distally to plantar surface of T4 and Mt4 and steadies calcaneus against pull of common calcanean tendon
tendon of lateral digital extensor
passes distally through the groove on the lateral malleolus of the tibia bound down by the most proximal part of the lateral extensor retinaculum
tendon of long digital extensor
tendon of origin passes proximally through the extensor groove of the tibia to the extensor fossa of the femur; this is tendon of common origin with fibularis tertius
branches of the cranial tibial and fibularis tertius
fibularis tertius branches
- dorsal branch (attaches to Mt3)
- Superficial lateral branch (attaches to calcaneus)
- Deep lateral branch (attaches to T4)
- Medial branch (attaches to T3)
- cr tibial branches (medial branch gives off the cunean tendon)
tarsocrural talocalcaneal and proximal intertarsal joint communicaitons
100% of the time
distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joint communicaiton
40% of the time
stifle joints
femoropatellar, medial femorotibial, and lateral femorotibial
femoropatellar and medial femorotibial communcation
65% of the time
femoropateallar and lateral femorotibial communication
25% of the time
medial femorotibial and laterofemorotibial communications
rarely
stifle ligaments
medial/ lateral femoropatellar, patellar ligaments, collateral ligaments, cruciate ligaments
cruciate ligaments of stifle
cranial and caudal; named based on attachment to tibia
suspensory apparatus
suspensory ligaments, and distal sesamoidian ligaments; superficial and deep digital flexor tendons (attach proximal and distal to fetlock all of these lend further support; prevent further overextension of joint)
