Lab 12 Hock and Stifle Joints

Question 1

femoral epicondyles

Answer 1

located distal to the condyles

Question 2

medial and lateral condyles tibia

Answer 2

distal end of tibia lateral to tibial tuberosity

Question 3

intercondylar eminenece tibia

Answer 3

space on the top of the bone between the two condyles of the tibia

Question 4

patellar ligaments

Answer 4

medial, lateral, and intermediate

Question 5

patellar ligaments, femoropateallar ligaments, and collateral ligaments

Answer 5

• medial, lateral, and intermediate patellar ligaments
• femoropateallar ligaments(on either side side between patella and femur, helps keep patella on sledding surface)
• collateral ligaments- medial and lateral collateral ligaments; on outside of stifle, run femur to tibia/ fibula?

Question 6

common tendon of fibularis tertius and long digital extensor

Answer 6

arises from extensor fossa of distal femur

Question 7

stay apparatus fx

Answer 7

enables horse to support hind quarters with a minimum of muscular effort by preventing flexion in stifle and hock joints and over-extension in fetlock and phalangeal joints

Question 8

stay apparatus components

Answer 8

1. Reciprocal apparatus (superficial digital flexor and peroneus tertius)
2. patellar locking mechanism
3. Suspensory apparatus

Question 9

suspensory apparatus fx

Answer 9

fetlock and phalangeal joints supported principally by suspensory and superficial and deep flexor tendons with fetlock joint slightly over extended

Question 10

suspensory attachments

Answer 10

• arises proximally to fetlock, attaches on proximal sesamoid bones, and is functionally continued by distal sesamoidian ligaments attaching on plantar surface of proximal two phalanges

Question 11

superficial and deep flexor tendons

Answer 11

• attach proximal and distal to fetlock and lend further support to the fetlock joint; the tendinous structures are under tension when weight is on overextended fetlock joint and supports the joint by preventing it from overextending further

Question 12

joint capsule hock

Answer 12

common to all 4 component joints, tarsocrural joint, proximal intertarsal joint, distal intertarsal joint, and tarsometatarsal joint

Question 13

synovial membrane of hock joint

Answer 13

attached to articular surfaces of each component joint

Question 14

joint pouch

Answer 14

part of a joint capsule that is free to bulge when distended by synovial (soft In live animal)

Question 15

pouches tarsocrural joint

Answer 15

small medioplantar pouch, lateroplantar pouch of tarsocrural joint, dorsal pouch of tarsocrural joint (divided into dorsomedial and dorsolateral pouches by medial saphenous vein)

Question 16

long plantar ligament

Answer 16

tendinous tissue on plantar surface of calcaneus; this is a strong flat band attached to plantar surface of calcaneus and covering the lateral part of plantar surface of hock joint; passes distally to plantar surface of T4 and Mt4

Question 17

long plantar ligament

Answer 17

passes distally to plantar surface of T4 and Mt4 and steadies calcaneus against pull of common calcanean tendon

Question 18

tendon of lateral digital extensor

Answer 18

passes distally through the groove on the lateral malleolus of the tibia bound down by the most proximal part of the lateral extensor retinaculum

Question 19

tendon of long digital extensor

Answer 19

tendon of origin passes proximally through the extensor groove of the tibia to the extensor fossa of the femur; this is tendon of common origin with fibularis tertius

Question 20

branches of the cranial tibial and fibularis tertius

Answer 20

fibularis tertius branches

• dorsal branch (attaches to Mt3)
• Superficial lateral branch (attaches to calcaneus)
• Deep lateral branch (attaches to T4)
• Medial branch (attaches to T3)
• cr tibial branches (medial branch gives off the cunean tendon)

Question 21

tarsocrural talocalcaneal and proximal intertarsal joint communicaitons

Answer 21

100% of the time

Question 22

distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joint communicaiton

Answer 22

40% of the time

Question 23

stifle joints

Answer 23

femoropatellar, medial femorotibial, and lateral femorotibial

Question 24

femoropatellar and medial femorotibial communcation

Answer 24

65% of the time

Question 25

femoropateallar and lateral femorotibial communication

Answer 25

25% of the time

Question 26

medial femorotibial and laterofemorotibial communications

Answer 26

rarely

Question 27

stifle ligaments

Answer 27

medial/ lateral femoropatellar, patellar ligaments, collateral ligaments, cruciate ligaments

Question 28

cruciate ligaments of stifle

Answer 28

cranial and caudal; named based on attachment to tibia

Question 29

suspensory apparatus

Answer 29

suspensory ligaments, and distal sesamoidian ligaments; superficial and deep digital flexor tendons (attach proximal and distal to fetlock all of these lend further support; prevent further overextension of joint)