The Equine Distal Limb Flashcards
distal limb
part of the limb distal to the carpus or tarsus
digit
region distal to the fetlock
pastern
region between fetlock and foot
foot
region distal to coronary band
hoof
epidermal structures only
bony structures of the distal limb
metacarpus/metatarsus, proximal phalanx, middle phalanx, distal phalanx, proximal sesamoid bones, distal sesamoid bone
metacarpus/ metatarsus
Metacarpal bone 2= medial splint
Metacarpal bone 3= cannon bone
Metacarpal bone 4= lateral splint
proximal phalanx
P1= long pastern
middle phalanx
P2
distal phalanx
P3= coffin bone
proximal sesamoid bones
2; on palmar surface behind ankle joint
distal sesamoid bone
1; navicular bone
soft tissue structures of distal limb
- Flexor tendons (SDFT,DDFT)
- Interosseous (suspensory ligament)
- Check ligament of DDFT
- Collateral ligaments
- Digital extensor tendon
- Impar ligament
- Collateral sesamoidean ligaments
- Distal sesamoidean ligaments
- Palmar ligament of fetlock joint (and others…)
- Annular ligament (multiple components)
Check ligament of the DDFT
comes off palmar aspect of cannon bone in middle of cannon bone?
collateral ligaments
on either side of joints; md and lateral; there will be one to stabilize each joint of the digit
digital extensor tendon
- forelimb has common (ends on P3, attaches to P1, P2, P3) and lateral (ends on P1)
- Pelvic limb has combined long / lateral which come together and attach to P1, P2, P3
impar ligament
runs between navicular bone and P3
collateral sesamoidean ligaments
blend with collateral ligaments of pastern
distal sesamoidean ligaments
x, y, zs; oblique sesamoidean ligaments (on sides), straight sesamoidean ligament (one in middle of obliques), cruciate sesamoidean ligaments (x, deep)
annular ligament
has multiple components,
- thickening of deep fascia
- palmar annular ligament
- proximal digital annular ligament
- distal digital annular ligament
palmar ligaments of fetlock
on back of and between proximal sesamoid bones
synovial structures of distal limb
- metacarpophalangeal joint
- proximal interphalangeal joint
- distal interphalangeal joint
- navicular bursa
- digital tendon sheath
metacarpophalangeal joint
ankel/ fetlock joint; has dorsal and palmar/ plantar pouches
proximal interphalangeal joint
pastern joint, has dorsal and palmar/ plantar pouches