Lab 15 and 16 The Digit and Hoof, Passive Stay Apparatus summary

Question 1

layers of the hoof wall

Answer 1

• stratum externum
• stratum medium
• stratum internum

Question 2

cartilages of the hoof

Answer 2

-sagital plates attached to palmar processes of PIII and projecting a little above the hoof

Question 3

digital cushion

Answer 3

• yielding nature
• during overextension of the fetlock this is compressed between PII and the frog and the fusion presses against the cartilages and promotes outward movement of the quarters
• found deep to bulbs of the heels and the frog

Question 4

coronary cushion

Answer 4

same as coronary dermis? Thes is a dermal component of the hoof that bulges out, located between perioploic dermis and laminar dermis

Question 5

bulbs of the heel

Answer 5

just the superficial portion of the heel; its the bulb

Question 6

ligaments associated with proximal sesamoid bones

Answer 6

• palmar ligament

- palmar annular ligament

Question 7

ligaments associated with the distal sesamoid bones

Answer 7

• collateral sesamoidean ligament

- impar ligament

Question 8

other name for collateral sesamoidean ligament

Answer 8

proximal navicular ligament

Question 9

other name for impartial ligament

Answer 9

distal navicular ligament

Question 10

annular ligament

Answer 10

is a thickening of the deep fascia, has different names depending on location

• palmar annular ligament
• proximal annular ligament
• distal annular ligament
• digital tendon sheath surrounds flexor tendons, lies deep to the different regions of annular ligament

Question 11

if digital tendon sheath bulges

Answer 11

may be seen in specific regions of the digit

Question 12

Components of suspensory apparatus

Answer 12

• body of the suspensory
• medial and lateral suspensory branches
• extensor branches
• distal sesamoidean ligaments

Question 13

when is suspensory apparatus action most visible in fetlock

Answer 13

during extreme overextension; at moment of impact thrust of MC3 borne largely by sesamoid bones and palmar ligament and suspensory ligament is under great tension

Question 14

medial and lateral suspensory branches

Answer 14

in distal 1/3rd of cannon bone, attach to proximal sesamoid bones

Question 15

body of the suspensory

Answer 15

proximal aspect arises form dorsal row of tarsal or carpal bones

Question 16

extensor branches of suspensory

Answer 16

attach to extensor tendons, run along sides of digits

Question 17

distal sesamoidean ligaments

Answer 17

• straight
• oblique
• cruciate

Question 18

straight sesamoidean ligaments

Answer 18

sesamoids attach to P2

Question 19

oblique sesamoidean ligament

Answer 19

sesamoids attach to P1

Question 20

cruciate sesamoidean ligament

Answer 20

sesamoids attach to P1

Question 21

fetlock, pastern, and coffin joints

Answer 21

have dorsal, palmar (or plantar) pouches

Question 22

superficial regions of hoof

Answer 22

• wall
• sole
• heel
• frog
• bulbs
• toe
• quarters

Question 23

parts of frog

Answer 23

• paracunean or collateral grooves

- central sulcus

Question 24

paracunean grooves

Answer 24

separate the bars from the frog

Question 25

central sulcus of frog

Answer 25

the indent in the top/ middle of the frog

Question 26

cartilages of hoof fx

Answer 26

facilitate slight expansion of hoof at the quarters when weight is placed on the limb

Question 27

holes in cartilages of the hoofo

Answer 27

transmit veins of venous plexsus present in hoof dermis

Question 28

digital cushion location

Answer 28

• wedge shaped mass of fibrous adipose tissue
• is related to frog distally
• related to deep flexor tendon proximally
• related to cartilages of hoof medially and laterally
• cd portion if partly SQ and divided by central depression into two bulbs of cushion
• bulbs of cushion underlie bulbs of the heels

Question 29

suspensory aka

Answer 29

interosseus

Question 30

suspensory attaches to

Answer 30

• arises from distal row of carpal bones and proximal end of Mc3; passes distally applied to palmar surface of that bone and divides into two branches proximal to fetlock

Question 31

medial and lateral branch of the suspensory ligament

Answer 31

attaches on abaxial hollowed surface of the medial sesamoid bone, sends thing extensor branch dorsodistally over the fetlock to common extensor tendon

Question 32

extensor branch of suspensory

Answer 32

medial and lateral branch of the suspensory ligaments send thin extensor branch dorsodistally over the fetlock to the common extensor tendon

Question 33

suspensory ligament components

Answer 33

body, medial and lateral branches, extensor branches, distal sesamoidean ligaments (straight, oblique, and cruciate)