Thoracic Limb Lecture Flashcards
Name parts of the thoracic girdle.
Scapula, clavicle (in remnants)
What does the shoulder region include?
scapulohumeral joint
What does the brachium region include?
humerus
What does the elbow region include?
humeroradioulnar joint
What does the antebrachium region include?
radius and ulna
What does the manus region include?
carpus, metacarpus, digits (phalanges, sesamoids)
What is synsarcosis?
the attachment of the thoracic limb to the body via the extrinsic muscles
What is the sling muscle?
serratus ventralis
What muscles transfer the weight of the head, neck, and cranial aspect of the trunk to the thoracic limb?
serratus ventralis and pectoral mm
What percentage of an animals weight is transferred to the thoracic limb during the stance phase?
60%
Where do all of the of the extrinsic attach?
head, neck, and/or trunk
What major movements are the extrinsic muscles involved in?
protraction (advancement) and retraction of the limb
What are intrinsic muscles and, in general, where do they attach?
muscles with the limb itself, both attachments of the muscle will be to bones of the thoracic limb
What is the name of the shoulder joint and what is its function?
Glenohumeral joint; allows movements in multiple planes and has less developed ligaments –> more muscles around it to perform complex movements and stabilize it
What is the name and function of the elbow joint?
Humeroradioulnar joint; allows flexion and extension only, has strong collateral ligaments; 2 main muscle groups with opposing actions
What is the name and function of the carpus joint?
metacarpophalangeal joint; allow flexion and extension primarily, have collateral ligaments; 2 main muscle groups with opposing actions
What are the names and functions of the joints of the phalanges?
proximal and distal interphalangeal joints; allow flexion and extension primarily, have collateral ligaments; 2 main muscle groups with opposing actions
Where do the extensors of the carpus and digits orginate from?
Lateral supracondylar crest and lateral epicondyle of the humerus
What is ECLU?
craniolateral muscles of the antebrachium; begins on the cranial aspect of the antebrachium and moves laterally
Extensor carpi radialis, Common digital extensor, Lateral digital extensor, Ulnaris lateralis
Where do the flexors of the carpus and digits originate?
medial epicondyle of the humerus
What is the function of the caudomedial muscles of the antebrachium? What are they?
flex the carpus and/or digits
Flexor carpi ulnaris; superficial digital flexor; deep digital flexor; flexor carpi radialis
What is the function of the craniolateral muscles of the antebrachium?
extend the carpus an the digits
What do tendons of the digital flexor muscles pass through?
carpal canal
Explain the boundaries of the carpal canal.
dorsal border: palmar carpal ligament
lateral border: accessory carpal bone
palmar border: flexor retinaculum
Think of it as a triangle
Where are interossei muscles located?
On the palmar aspect of the metacarpal bone of each digit
What does the tendon of each interosseus muscle contain?
Two sesamoid bones
How does a cat retract and contract its claws?
Relaxation of the DDF results in elastic recoil of the dorsal elastic ligament, resulting in the hyperextension of the distal interphalangeal joint
Contraction if the DDF protracts the claw
What are the parts of the paw pads?
Carpal pad, metacarpal pads, and digital pads
