Thoracic Limb

Question 1

Identify the major bone in each topographic region

1. Shoulder Region
2. Brachial Region
3. Antebrachial Region
4. Carpal Region
5. Metacarpal/cannon region
6. Digital Region

Answer 1

1. Scapula
2. Humerus
3. Radius and Ulna
4. Carpal Bones
5. Metacarpal 3 (and 2 and 4)
6. Phalanges 1, 2, 3 and Proximal and Distal Sesamoid bones

Question 2

Which skeletal structures are included in the manus?

Answer 2

Carpal bones, metacarpal bones, phalanges, and sesamoid bones

Question 3

Which skeletal strucutres comprise the equine digit?

Answer 3

Proximal and distal sesamoid bones, phalanges 1, 2, and 3

Question 4

Which structures are included in the thoracic girdle?

Answer 4

Scapula

Question 5

Compare the spine of the scapula and scapular cartilage of the equine species with the canine species

Answer 5

equine scapula has cartilage? (anything else to add?)

Question 6

Which is larger; lateral or medial epicondyle of the humerus?

Answer 6

Lateral Epicondyle

Question 7

The lateral epicondyle is the origin for what muscle group?

Answer 7

Extensor muscles

Question 8

The medial epicondyle is the origin for what muscle group?

Answer 8

Flexor muscles

Question 9

What is the intermediate tubercle?

Answer 9

The ridge in the middle of the proximal end of the bone (inside intertubercular groove)

Question 10

The capitulum and the troclea form what of the humerus?

Answer 10

The condyle

Question 11

The olecranon tuberosity is located at what intercostal space?

Answer 11

5th IC

Question 12

Which styloid process is the distal end of the ulna and which one is the distal end of the radius?

Answer 12

lateral- ulna

medial- radius

Question 13

Which tendons are found in the grooves on the distal end of the radius?

Answer 13

lateral groove- common digital extensor (groove for cde)
middle groove- extensor carpi radialis (groove for ecr)
medial groove- extensor carpi obliquus (groove for eco)

Question 14

What are the proximal carpal bones?

Answer 14

Radial Carpal
Intermediate Carpal
Ulnar Carpal
Accessory Carpal

Question 15

What are the distal carpal bones?

Answer 15

Second Carpal
Third Carpal
Fourth Carpal
First carpal (variable and very small)

Question 16

Where is the antebrachiocarpal joint located?

Answer 16

Between the radius and proximal carpal bones

Question 17

Where is the Midcarpal joint?

Answer 17

Between the proximal and distal carpal joints

Question 18

Where is the Carpometacarpal joint?

Answer 18

Between the distal carpal bones and Metacarpal III

Question 19

Which synovial compartments of the carpus intercommunicate?

Answer 19

Midcarpal and Carpometacarpal joints

Question 20

What is the carpal canal?

Answer 20

Passageway on the palmar side of the leg that connects the forearm with the distal end of the leg

Question 21

Which structures form the boundaries of the carpal canal?

Answer 21

flexor retinaculum and carpal bones

Question 22

Which major tendons pass through the carpal canal?

Answer 22

Deep Digital Flexor tendon, Superficial Digital Flexor tendon

Question 23

What is the name of the tendon synovial sheath that passes through the carpal canal?

Answer 23

carpal synovial sheath

Question 24

What are the anatomic and common names for the metacarpal bones?

Answer 24

Metacarpal Bone III- Cannon Bone
Metacarpal Bone II- Medial Splint Bone
Metacarpal Bone IV- Lateral Splint Bone

Question 25

Where are the proximal and distal sesamoid bones located?

Answer 25

proximal- between cannon and P1

distal- between P2 and P3

Question 26

Differentiate between phalanx and phalanges

Answer 26

phalanx-singular

phalanges-plural

Question 27

What are the chestnut and ergot and where are they located?

Answer 27

chestnut-vestige of the carpal pad. located on the antebrachium
ergot- remnant of the metacarpal pad. located on proximal sesamoid bones