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anatomy-horse And Ruminant > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

0
Q

What is wobblers syndrome and what causes it?

A

It is a malarticulation between vertebral bodies leading to slipping of vertebral columns and compression of the spinal chord. Typically seen as ataxia in the thoracic limb

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1
Q

What is the vertebral formula for the horse

A

C7 T18 L6 S5 (fused) Cd+-15

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2
Q

Name the parts of the nuchal ligament

A

Funiculus nuchae and Lamina nuchae. These structures are paired left and right. The nuchal ligament attaches to the head of the horse

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3
Q

Name the three bursa of the neck and locations associated with them

A

Cranial nuchal bursae at the level of the arch of the atlas
Caudal nuchal bursae on the spine of the axis this is variable
Supraspinous bursa ~T2/T3 its at this point that the nuchal ligament name changes to the supraspinous ligament.

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4
Q

Poll Evil

A

Caused by Brucella abortus can infect either cranial or causal nuchal bursae typically superlative and can enter nervous system. Based on location

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5
Q

Fistulous withers

A

Infection of the supra spinous bursa that can create a draining tract at the interscapular region T2-T8. Brucella abortus is also responsible for this

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6
Q

Muscles of the ventral surface of the neck. Function

A

Flexor of the neck, down and to the ground when contracted bilaterally if contracted unilaterally will move neck side to side

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7
Q

What two muscles in the horse are equivalent to the canine platysma?

A

Cutaneus colli and cutaneus faciei

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8
Q

Lateral muscles of the neck function to?

A

Extend the neck

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9
Q

Second deep layer of the neck consists of 3 muscles

A

Multifidus cervicis- runs along top of spine
Intertransversarii cervicis- span transverse processes
Spinalis system- long column of muscle

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10
Q

Obliquus capitis caudalis

A

Covers wing of the atlas passes between c1 and c2

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11
Q

Obliquus capitus cranialis

A

Passed from head and inserts on c1

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12
Q

Rectus capitis muscles

A

Deep to obliquus capitis cranialis

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13
Q

Cervical spinal nerves how many pairs?

A

8

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15
Q

C2 spinal nerve can be found at what anatomical structure?

A

At the level of the wing of the atlas

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16
Q

C4 spinal nerve can be found at?

A

Middle of the neck

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16
Q

The accessory nerve is located where?

A

It is embedded in the fascia of the omotransversarius

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17
Q

C6 spinal nerve can be found at what anatomical structure?

A

Point of the shoulder

18
Q

What is the function and innervation of the dorsal branch of the accessory nerve?

A

Motor innervation to the brachiocephalicus, omotransversarius, and trapezius

19
Q

What is the location and innervation of the ventral branch of the accessory nerve?

A

Under the wing of the atlas innervates the sternocephalicus

20
Q

What are the contributing nerves to the transverse nerve of the neck, and what does it do?

A

It is the sensory innervation to the space between the mandibles made up of C2 & C3

21
Q

What nerves make up the phrenic nerve

A

Ventral branches of C5 C6 C7

22
Q

What makes up the brachial plexus and where is it located?

A

C6 C7 C8 T1 T2 can be seen emerging through the scalenus muscle

23
Q

This nerve runs with the jugular vein and innervates the cutaneus colli muscle

A

Cervical branch of the facial nerve

24
Q

What supplies blood to the neck (2)?

A

Deep cervical artery- located on Lamina nuchae

Vertebral artery- passes through transverse vertebral foramina

25
Q

What are the cervical lymphocenters?

A

Superficial cervical, deep cervical (cranial, middle, caudal)

Deep must be located on the trachea

26
Q

Describe the borders of the equine jugular groove

A

Dorsal-cleidomastoideus
Ventral-sternocephalicus
Deep-omohyoideus

27
Q

What are the borders of the median pectoral groove?

A

Left and right descending pectoral muscles

28
Q

What artery and vein run in the lateral pectoral groove?

A

The cephalic vein and the deltoid branch of the superficial cervical artery

29
Q

The gutteral pouch can be approached from this anatomical structure. Name its borders

A

Viborgs triangle is created dorsally by tendon of the sternocephalicus ventrally by the linguofacial vein and cranially by the Ramus of the mandible

30
Q

Name the two muscles that create the lateral pectoral groove

A

Cleidobrachialis and descending pectoral

31
Q

What structures do you expect to find in the carotid sheath?

A

Common carotid artery
Vagosympathetic trunk
Recurrent laryngeal
+-internal jugular vein

32
Q

What are the vertebral columns the trachea spans?

A

C1-T5/6

33
Q

What is the isthmus?

A

It’s a band of tissue that crosses over from left to right on the thyroid gland. It’s variable in the horse. It’s clinically relevant in the formation of a goiter

34
Q

The thyroid is located at what anatomical structure?

A

It’s located at the larynx at the first tracheal ring

35
Q

What is the path of the esophagus through the neck?

A

Dorsal left dorsal

36
Q

What are the vertebral formulas for the bovine, caprine, and ovine?

A

b: C7 T13 L6 S5 Cd 18-20
C: C7 T13 L7 S5 Cd 12-16
O: C7 T12-14 L6-7 Cd 16-24

37
Q

What is the difference in the nuchal ligament in the ruminant from the horse?

A

The Lamina nuchae is fused caudally with two cranial continuations

38
Q

What are the contents of the carotid sheath in the ruminant?

A

Common carotid artery, vagosympatetic trunk, recurrent laryngeal nerve, and internal jugular vein

39
Q

Name the borders of the jugular groove in the ruminant. What are differences that the ovine has?

A

B/c: dorsal cleidomastoideus ventral: stenomandibularis deep: sternomastoideus

Ovine: dorsal cleidomastoideus ventral: sternomastoideus deep: sternomastoideus

40
Q

Where is the crest, and what is it made of?

A

It is the root of the mane, and is a deposition of fatty tissue under the skin

41
Q

Which muscles show varying degrees of fusion in the neck?

A

Omotransversarius and Brachiocephalicus

Sternothyroideus and Sternohyoideus

42
Q

What is found within Viborgs Triangle?

A

The gutteral puch and the retropharyngeal lymph node

anatomy-horse And Ruminant (9 decks)

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