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anatomy-horse And Ruminant > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

0
Q

What nerve innervates the flank?

A

Lateral cutaneous branches of the ventral branches of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

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1
Q

What are the borders of the para lumbar fossa?

A

Cranial: rib 18
Caudal tuber: coxae
Ventral: line of tension of the internal abdominal oblique muscle

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2
Q

What nerve is located at the costochondral junction of rib 18?

A

Costoabdominal nerve

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3
Q

L1 is what common named nerve

A

Iliohypogastric

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4
Q

L2 is what common named nerve?

A

Ilioinguinal

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5
Q

L3 is what common named nerve?

A

Genitofemoral nerve

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6
Q

L4 is what common named nerve? Where do you find it?

A

Lateral cutaneous femoral nerve. Found at the sub iliac lymph node with the caudal branch of the deep circumflex iliac artery

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7
Q

Where would you make your incision to access the abdominal cavity?

A

Paramedian through rectus abdominus

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8
Q

What is the abdominal tunic covering the external abdominal oblique called?

A

Flava abdominis

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9
Q

The caudal edge of this muscle forms the inguinal ligament

A

External abdominal oblique

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10
Q

What is the ‘heave line’?

A

Hypertophy of the muscular portion of the external abdominal oblique during emphysema

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11
Q

Superficial inguinal ring is a slit to this portion of what muscle

A

The aponeurotic portion of the external abdominal oblique

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12
Q

The cremaster muscle is a projection of what muscle?

A

Internal abdominal oblique

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13
Q

Under the connective tissue of the internal abdominal oblique is this muscle

A

Rectus abdominis

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14
Q

The muscle fibers of the transversus abdominus run in this direction

A

Vertical

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15
Q

The cranial branch of the deep circumflex artery can be seen passing through this muscle

A

Transversus abdominis

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16
Q

On the left side of the horse the liver is located where?

A

7-9 intercostal space high

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17
Q

On the left side of the horse the spleen is located where?

A

Base 15-18 intercostal space high

Apex 9-12 intercostal space middle

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18
Q

On the left side of the horse the stomach is located where

A

9-15 intercostal space high

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19
Q

What intestines are topographically located on the left side of the horse?

A

LDC LVC small intestine (jejunum, ileum, mesentery), small colon (the poop shoot)

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20
Q

On the right side of the horse the liver is located where

A

7-16 intercostal high

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21
Q

Descending duodenum is topographically located on the right side at what intercostal space?

A

Under the ribs

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22
Q

Where are the parts of the cecum located on the topography of the horse?

A

Right side of the horse
Base : right par alumnae fossa
Body : against flank
Apex : going craniomedially towards the midline

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23
Q

What two segments of the colon are located on the right side topographically?

A

RDC and RVC

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24
Q

The right kidney is located in what topographic region?

A

T16,17,18,L1

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25
Q

In what topographic region does the left kidney reside?

A

T18, L1,2,3

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26
Q

What’s the general totpgraphic region that the ovaries are located?

A

Between the tuber coxae and the last rib

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27
Q

What structures make up the porta?

A

Portal vein, hepatic artery, hepatic duct

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28
Q

What are the lobes of the horse liver?

A

Left lateral, left medial, quadrate, right, caudate process (not a full lobe)

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29
Q

What vascular structure does the hepatic vein empty into?

A

Caudal vena cava

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30
Q

Within the falciform ligament lies this structure…what residual structure is this?

A

The round ligament the remnant of the umbilical vein

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31
Q

What are the boundaries of the epiploic foramen?

A

Dorsal: caudate process and caudal vena cava
Ventral: pancreas and portal vein

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32
Q

What separates the glandular and nonglandular portions of the equine stomach?

A

Margo plicatus

33
Q

What don’t horses vomit?

A
  1. Very strong cardiac sphincter
  2. Esophagus enters stomach at an acute angle
  3. Mucosal flaps of stomach obscure cardia
34
Q

What inserts on the major duodenal papilla?

A

@cranial duodenal flexure common opening for hepatic duct and pancreatic duct

35
Q

What opens on the minor duodenal papilla?

A

Opening for the accessory pancreatic duct

36
Q

What are the 3 parts of the stomach?

A

Fundus, body, pylorus

37
Q

What is the pancreatic ring

A

In the horse it’s the ring of pancreatic tissue that surrounding the portal vein traveling through the pancreatic body

38
Q

Where is the root of the mesentery located?

A

In the horse L1

39
Q

What is the ileal papilla

A

It’s a protrusion of ilium into cecum through the ileocecal orifice

40
Q

RVC is attached to cecum by this ligament

A

Cecocolic ligament

41
Q

What is the number formulation of teniae coli?

A 
Cecum 4 
RVC 4
LVC 4
LDC 1
RDC 3
Transverse colon 2-3
Small colon 2
42
Q

What are the three anatomical sites for obstruction?

A

Pelvic flexure
RDC-TC
Cecocolic orifice

43
Q

What physiological factors can lead to obstruction?

A

Intussusception. Motor control on ileum causes and accordion folding of ileum in the cecum

44
Q

What are the boundaries of the par alumnae fossa in the ruminant?

A

Dorsal: along the transverse process of the lumbar vertebra
Cranial: rib 13
Caudal: tuber coxae
Ventral: line of tension of the internal abdominal oblique

45
Q

Give the common name for this nerve and the transverse process it crosses in the ruminant:
T13

A

Costoabdominal L1

46
Q

Give the common name for this nerve and the transverse process it crosses in the ruminant:
L1

A

Iliohypogastric transverse process of L2

47
Q

Give the common name for this nerve and the transverse process it crosses in the ruminant:
L2

A

Ilioinguinal transverse process of L4

48
Q

Topography of the left side of the ruminant

A

Reticulum, rumen, spleen

49
Q

On the left side of the cow the rumen takes up what anatomical spaces?

A

7 th intercostal space to the pelvic inlet

50
Q

On the left side of the cow the reticulum can be found at what topographical region?

A

In contact with the body wall between the 6&7 rib

51
Q

On the left side of the cow the spleen takes up what anatomical region?

A

Dorsal between 8-12 rib

52
Q

What are the organs topographically located on the right side of the cow?

A

Omasum, abomasum, liver, right kidney, left kidney, duodenum, colon, cecum

53
Q

The omasum can be found at what topographic location?

A

Intercostal space 7-9 with the round portion coming in contact with the 11 rib

54
Q

Where does the abomasum lie topographically?

A

The funds is located at the xiphoid process and the pylorus at the 9-10 intercostal space

55
Q

The liver in the cow lies at this topographic region

A

Sits vertical on the right side between ribs 7-13

56
Q

The right kidney in the cow is located at this anatomical region

A

T13 - L3 right side

57
Q

The left kidney in the cow is located at this topographical region

A

Right side between the transverse processes of L3 - L5

58
Q

What is the function of the gastric groove in the ruminant?

A

In suckling calves it shunts milk from the esophagus to the abomasum

59
Q

Name the path of the ingesta through the ascending colon of the cow

A

Proximal loop, spiral loop (centripetal gyri, central flexure, centrifugal gyri), distal loop

60
Q

Name the sections of the ruminant pancreas

A

Left lobe, body, right lobe

61
Q

The body of the ruminant pancreas has what structure? What passes through this?

A

The pancreatic notch where the portal vein runs through

62
Q

Name the papilla in the duodenum for ruminant species what ducts terminate there and any species differences

A

The major and minor papilla in the bovine the bovine has an accessory duct that terminates on the minor papilla and the bile duct empties on the major papilla

The sheep and goat ONLY have the pancreatic duct that terminates at the major papilla and the bile duct. There is NO minor papilla or accessory duct

63
Q

Name the lobes of the liver and any important processes

A

Left lobe, quadrate lobe, right lobe, caudate lobe (caudate process, papillary process)

64
Q

Does the horse have a gall bladder?

A

No

65
Q

Do ruminants have a gall bladder?

A

Yes it lies between the quadrate lobe and the right lobe

66
Q

What are the branches of the celiac artery in the ruminant?

A

Splenic: rt ruminal, lt ruminal, reticular
Hepatic
Left gastric artery

67
Q

The transverse colon in the ruminant is always located ____________ to the root of the mesentery

A

Cranial

68
Q

The caudal flexure is always ________ to the root of the mesentery

A

Caudal

69
Q

Name the branches of the ileocolic artery and the important areas supplied. (Ruminant)

A

Right colic : distal loop and centrifugal gyri (RDF)

Colic branch of the ileocolic: proximal loop and centripetal gyri (CPP)

70
Q

What does the dorsal vagal trunk innervate in the ruminant?

A

Primarily the rumen

71
Q

What does the ventral vagal trunk innervate in the ruminant?

A

Reticulum, omasum, and abomasum

72
Q

What are the two aspects of the greater omentum in the ruminant? And what is its function

A

Superficial leaf and deep leaf. It acts like a sling between the duodenum and rumen

73
Q

What two grooves of the rumen does the greater omentum attach to?

A

Right longitudinal groove from the deep leaf and the left longitudinal groove from the superficial leaf

74
Q

What is located in the omental bursa of the ruminant

A

Ventral sac of the rumen

75
Q

What is located in the supraomental recess of the ruminant

A

Small intestine (jejunum, ilium), colon, female: uterus

76
Q

What is bloat in the ruminant?

A

Rumen becomes abnormally distended as a result of gas or frothy digests

77
Q

What is hardware disease?

A

Traumatic reticuloperitonitis where due to anatomical closeness of the reticulum and the heart metal objects that were ingested can penetrate pericardial sac/heart

78
Q

What is abomasal displacement?

A

Abomasum moves from normal position to either LDA or RDA

79
Q

What are abomasal ulcers

A

Not that hard. This was a waste of a card.

80
Q

What is cecal dilation?

A

Cecum becomes distended with gas or fluid. May be up to 10x normal size

81
Q

Vagus indigestion refers to what?

A

Trauma or anything that disrupts the vagal innervations of the ruminant digestion. May be due to bronchopneumonia enlarging mediastinal lymph nodes that may impinge or inflame the vagus as it passes through the thoracic cavity

anatomy-horse And Ruminant (9 decks)

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