Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP psych > thinking, intelligence, language > Flashcards

thinking, intelligence, language Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards AP® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

cognition

A

the way in which info is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

thinking

A

Manipulating info mentally to form concepts, solve problems, and make decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cognitive psychology

A

psych approach that explains observable behavior by investigating mental processes and structures that we cannot directly observe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

inductive reasoning

A

bottom-up reasoning from specific observations to make generalizations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

deductive reasoning

A

top-down reasoning from a general principle that we know to be true to a specific instance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

prototype model of thinking concepts

A

a comparison to the most typical items in a category that reflect a concept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the benefit of thinking concepts

A

allows for generalization, aids memory, association of experience and objects, gives clues for how to react

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

steps of problem solving

A

find and frame problems, develop good problem solving strategies, evaluate solutions, rethink and define problems and solutions over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

functional fixedness

A

failing to solve a problem as a result of fixation on a things usual functions

ex: not being able to come up with ways to use a brick due to only associating bricks with buidling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

tendency for an observer to underestimate a situation and overestimate a personal disposition

ex: we belive someone is a bad person because they did something bad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

loss aversion

A

tendency to strongly prefer to avoid losses compared to acquiring gains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hindsight bias

A

the tendency to perceive past events as more predictable than they really were

ex: saying that you “knew that was going to happen”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

base rate neglect

A

tendency to ignore statistical info in favor of very specific but unrealistic info

ex: thinking someone is more likely to commit a crime based on their rac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

confirmation bias

A

tendency to search for and use info that only supports our ideas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

heuristics

A

mental shortcuts used to simplify a problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

availbility heuristic

A

prediction about the probability of an event based on how easily information regarding this topic is avalibile (moments more memorable will have a bigger impact on decisons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Representativeness heuristic

A

tendency to make judgements about a member of a group based on physical appearance/a stereotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

familiarity heuristic

A

the tendency to have more favorable opinions of things, people, or places one has experienced as opposed to new ones

ex: choosing brands of food you have already tried

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

affect heuristic

A

people tend to make choices based on emotions they are experiencing in that moment

remembering trick: emotions AFFECT decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

anchoring heuristic

A

the tendency to be overly influenced by the first bit of information we hear or learn

21
Q

scarcity heuristic

A

we view things that are scarce or less available to us as inherently more valuable

22
Q

charles spearman

A

came up with the idea that intelligence is a general ability (nature as opposed to nurture) and measured intelligence by g

stupid remembering trick: spearman is a g

23
Q

IQ formula

A

IQ= 100(MA/CA)

24
Q

MA

A

mental age of a person relative to development of others in age group

25
Q

CA

A

Chronological age from birth

26
Q

Heritability

A

the proportion of observable differences in a group that can be explained by differences in the genes of the group members

27
Q

robert j sternbergs triarchic theory

A

intelligence comes from 3 forms- analytical, creative, and practical

28
Q

analytical intelligence (relating to triarchic theory)

A

ability to analyze, judge, originate, and imagine

29
Q

creative intelligence (relating to triarchic theory)

A

ability to create, design, invent, originate, and imagine

30
Q

practical intelligence (relating to triarchic theory)

A

ability to use, apply, implement, and put ideas into practice

31
Q

verbal intelligence (relating to garders Intelligence theory)

A

ability to think in words and language to express meaning

32
Q

Mathematical intelligence (gardners)

A

ability to carry out mathematical operations

33
Q

Wernickes area

A

Towards the middle of the left hemisphere- responsible for language comprehension

34
Q

brocas area

A

towards the back of the left hemisphere- responsible for speech production

35
Q

noam chomsky

A

held the belief that humans enter the world prewired to learn language at a certain time and in a certain way

36
Q

Bodily kinesthetic intelligence (gardners)

A

Ability to manipulate objects and to be physically adapt

37
Q

Musical intelligence (gardners)

A

Ability to be sensitive to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone

38
Q

Interpersonal intelligence (gardners)

A

Ability to understand and interact effectively with other

39
Q

Intrapersonal intelligence

A

Ability to understand yourself

40
Q

Naturalistic intelligence (gardners)

A

Ability to observe patterns in nature and understand natural human made systems

41
Q

Existentialist intelligence (gardners)

A

Ability to grapple with big questions of human existence

42
Q

Phonology

A

Sound system based on phonemes, the basic unit of sound in each language

43
Q

Morphology

A

Rules for word formation, the smallest unit of language that carries meaning (ex: help, helper, helped, helping)

44
Q

Semantics

A

Meanings of words and phrases in a given language (ex: the coffe cup straddled the barn door that sang to them in green grassroots)- a semantically incorrect sentence

45
Q

Pragmatics

A

Useful character of language, ability to communicate more than what is said

46
Q

Linguistic relativity hypothesis

A

Words cause ability to think- English speakers cannot see the many different kinds of snow that inuit people have words for

47
Q

Noam Chomsky

A

Held the idea that humans enter the world biologically prewired to learn language at a certain time and in a certain way

48
Q

Executive function

A

Higher order complex cognitive process that includes thinking, planning, and problem solving (bilingual individuals tend to show an improved executive function)

AP psych (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions