memory Flashcards

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1
Q

memory locations in the brain

A

frontal lobe, hippocampus, cerebellum, basil ganglia, amygdala

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2
Q

model for processing info

A

encoding, storage, retreival

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3
Q

Connectionism model

A

memories are products of connected neural networks meaning, learning something new creates changes in those neural networks forming and strengthening pathways, allowing for interaction and additional learning from the environment

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4
Q

three stage processing model

A

sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory

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5
Q

sensory memory

A

the recording of info that is to be remembered (super short; a fraction of a second to a couple seconds)

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6
Q

short term memory

A

processing of info through rehearsal (about 30 seconds)

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7
Q

long term memory

A

where information moves for later retrieval (can last a lifetime)

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8
Q

working memory

A

a combination of components (including short term memory and attention) that allow us to temporality complete cognitive tasks

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9
Q

Phonological loop

A

speech based information about sounds of language

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10
Q

visuo-spatial sketchpad

A

our ability to temporarily hold visual and spatial information

(location of a parked car, route to a grocery store)

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11
Q

central executive

A

integration of information from long term memory, phonological loop, and visuo-spatial sketchpad.

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12
Q

explicit/declarative memories

A

memories of facts/experiences that we can consciously know and declare

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13
Q

effortful processing

A

encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

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14
Q

implicit/nondeclarative memories

A

memories that are independent of conscious recollection

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15
Q

automatic processing

A

unconscious coding of incidental information

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16
Q

iconic memory

A

sensory memory of a visual lasting no longer than a tenths of a seconds

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17
Q

echoic memory

A

sensory memory of an audio- recall sounds and words within 3 or 4 seconds

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18
Q

chunking

A

organizing into units

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19
Q

mnemonics

A

memory devices

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20
Q

hierarchies

A

divison and subdivision

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21
Q

distributed practice

A

practicing over time

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22
Q

spacing effect

A

encoding distributed over time = increased retention

23
Q

testing effect

A

repeated self testing helps to distribute the practice

24
Q

shallow processing

A

encoding on a basic level based on structure/appearance of words or of their sounds

25
Q

deep processing

A

this yields the best retention- essentially encoding semantically based on the meaning of words

26
Q

left frontal lobe

A

memory stuff like recalling a password

27
Q

right frontal lobe

A

memory stuff like a visual from a party

28
Q

Hippocampus

A

“save button” for explicit memories

29
Q

infantile amnesia

A

lack of memory from early years of life

30
Q

cerebellum

A

key roll in forming or storing implicit memories that are formed by classical conditioning

31
Q

basal ganglia

A

procedural memories (like riding a bike)

32
Q

amygdala

A

provoked when stressed

33
Q

flashbulb memories

A

memories effected by emotional state- like a flash of a memory

34
Q

synaptic changes

A

serotonin is released into certain synapses during learning for transmission efficiency

35
Q

long term potentiation (LTP)

A

an increase in a cells firing potential after brief rapid stimulation (believed to be a neural basis for learning & memory)

36
Q

recall

A

Retrieval of information that you are not consciously aware of, but that you have learned

37
Q

Recognition

A

identifying items that have previously been learned

38
Q

relearning

A

learning something quicker the second time

39
Q

priming

A

the activation/particular associations in memory

40
Q

context-dependent memory

A

recreating content to prime memory retrieval (external state ie; where you were, what you were listening to)

41
Q

state-dependent memory

A

Retrieval is better when the state is recreated (internal state ie; mood)

42
Q

anterograde amnesia

A

inability to form new memories (automatic processing remains in tact)

43
Q

retrograde amnesia

A

inability to retrieve information from someones past

44
Q

ebbinghaus’ forgetting curve

A

graph showing how we lose information over time

45
Q

tip of tongue forgetting

A

Retrieval coming from long term memory that is interrupted (often requires a retrieval que)

46
Q

proactive interference

A

disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information (old memories messing with new memories)

47
Q

retroactive interference

A

disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information (new memories messing with old memories)

48
Q

positive transfer

A

previously learned information often facilitates learning of new information

49
Q

motivated forgetting

A

we filter, alter, or loose much of our processed information -info might be intact, but not retrievable

50
Q

repression

A

basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness

51
Q

Misinformation effect

A

incorporating misleading information into someones memory of an event

52
Q

imagination inflation

A

imagining a false memory based on altered photographs

53
Q

source amnesia/misattribution

A

crediting an event we have experienced, hear about, read about, or imagined to an incorrect source