human development Flashcards
(63 cards)
the 3 processes of development
physical, cognitive, sociemotional
piaget’s theory
cognitive development involves key concepts and stages (schemas, assimilation, accommodation, equilibrium)
schema
a basic building block of intelligent behavior, a set of linked mental representations of the world which helps us to understand and respond to situations
self-schemas
facts about self
examples: future doctor, hates broccoli
person schemas
appearance, behavior, personality
social schemas
social expectations
ex; be respectful, pay for food, don’t eat garlic
event schemas
handshake, portfolio,
state of equilibrium
when a child’s exiting schemas are capable of explaining what it can perceive around it
Assimilation
using an existing schema to deal with a new object or situation
Ex: a child thinking a man who is bald on the top of his head is a literal clown
Accommodation
when the existing schema doesn’t work, and needs to be changed in order to deal with a new object/situation
stages of development
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operation, formal operational
sensorimotor stage
birth-2 years old, object permanence
object permanence
knowing an object is there even when it is hidden by forming a mental representation of the object
preoperational stage
age 2-7, children are able to think of things symbolically yet their thinking remains egocentric
Concrete operational stage
ages 7-11, marks the beginning of logical/operational thoughts
formal operational stage
11 and over, we develop the ability to think about abstract concepts and logically test hypotheses
vygotskys idea
children are curious and therefore actively involved in their own learning, putting an emphasis on social contribution to development
MKO
a more knowledgeable other, someone who is more knowledgeable than you
zone of proximal development
the difference between what a child can achieve independently vs what they need guidance with
In this area, it is best to use cooperative exercises in order for children to learn these skills
vygotskys 3 forms of language
social speech, private speech, silent inner speech
social speech
external communication used to talk to others (age 2)
private (overt) speech
directed to self and serves as an intellectual function (age 3)
silent inner speech
your inner monologue (age 7)
what causes inner speech to develop faster?
being raised in a more cognitively and linguistically stimulating environment
