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KNSS 220 Athletic Therapy > Thigh and Knee > Flashcards

Thigh and Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Quad tendon is ____ the patella.

A

above

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2
Q

Patellar tendon is _____ the patella.

A

below

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3
Q

Collateral ligaments are always on the ______.

A

outside

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4
Q

Name and describe the collateral ligaments in the knee.

A
  • Medial​ ​collateral​ ​ligament​ ​is​ ​longer​ ​and​ ​bigger
  • Lateral​ ​collateral​ ​ligament​ ​has​ ​IT​ ​band​ ​running​ ​on​ ​top​ ​of​ ​it
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5
Q

Describe the ACL.

A
  • Anterior​ ​cruciate​ ​ligament​ ​(ACL)​ ​attaches​ ​on​ ​anterior​ ​of​ ​tibia​ ​and​ ​attaches​ ​on
    posterior​ ​of​ ​femur
  • Protects​ ​from​ ​any​ ​blow​ ​from​ ​behind
  • Hamstrings​ ​protect​ ​and​ ​prevent​ ​this​ ​movement
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6
Q

Describe the PCL.

A
  • Posterior​ ​cruciate​ ​ligament​ ​(PCL)​ ​attaches​ ​on​ ​the​ ​posterior​ ​of​ ​the​ ​tibia​ ​and attaches​ ​on​ ​the​ ​anterior​ ​of​ ​femur
  • Protects​ ​from​ ​blow​ ​to​ ​shin​ ​or​ ​back​ ​of​ ​the​ ​thigh
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7
Q

Describe the meniscus.

A
  • One​ ​on​ ​medial​ ​and​ ​one​ ​on​ ​lateral​ ​side
  • Donuts
  • Made​ ​of​ ​cartilage
  • Does​ ​not​ ​have​ ​very​ ​good​ ​blood​ ​supply
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8
Q

Where does the gastrocnemius attach?

A

above the joint line of the knee

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9
Q

Where do the hamstrings attach?

A

below the joint line of the knee

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10
Q

Why can we get knee injuries from simple forces?

A
  • Very​ ​unstable​ ​joint​ ​when​ ​looking​ ​at​ ​just​ ​the​ ​bony​ ​structure
  • Not​ ​very​ ​strong​ ​or​ ​supported​ ​by​ ​anatomy
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11
Q

The patella increases mechanical advantage of the ____.

A

quads

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12
Q

What are the 2 categories of patellar alignment?

A
  • Alta:​ ​patella​ ​sits​ ​up​ ​on​ ​the​ ​quad​ ​(too​ ​high)
  • Baja:​ ​patella​ ​sits​ ​too​ ​low​ ​towards​ ​tibia​ ​(too​ ​low)
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13
Q

What does patellar alignment affect?

A
  • Can​ ​affect​ ​flexion/extension
  • Affects​ ​quad​ ​strength
  • Contraction​ ​in​ ​quad​ ​can​ ​pull​ ​knee​ ​cap​ ​up​ ​higher
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14
Q

What are the 2 categories of tilt component of the patella?

A
  • Medial:​ ​muscles​ ​on​ ​medial​ ​side​ ​are​ ​tighter
  • Lateral:​ ​muscles​ ​on​ ​lateral​ ​side​ ​are​ ​tighter
  • muscles in leg affects which way it sits
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15
Q

What does having a tilt component of the patella do? How does it affect you?

A
  • Uncomfortable

- Decreased​ ​strength

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16
Q

What causes rotation of the patella?

A
  • Caused​ ​by​ ​muscles
  • Outside​ ​quads​ ​being​ ​tight​ ​can​ ​pull​ ​bottom​ ​lateral​ ​part​ ​of​ ​the​ ​patella up
  • Can​ ​also​ ​have​ ​it​ ​where​ ​medial​ ​side​ ​comes​ ​up​ ​(more​ ​rare​ ​because inside​ ​muscles​ ​are​ ​weaker)
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17
Q

What is Genu Valgum?

A
  • Pigeon​ ​toed

- Knees​ ​go​ ​into​ ​the​ ​centre​ ​towards​ ​each​ ​other

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18
Q

What is Genu Varum?

A
  • Bowlegged

- Knees​ ​push​ ​outward

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19
Q

What is Genu​ ​recurvatum?

A

hyperextended

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20
Q

What does having Genu Valgum, Varum, or recurvatum mean? When should we be concerned?

A
  • Everybody​ ​goes​ ​through​ ​all​ ​3​ ​stages​ ​when​ ​growing​ ​
  • need​ ​to​ ​be​ ​over​ ​the​ ​age​ ​of​ ​15​ ​to see​ ​any​ ​permanent​ ​alignment
  • Means​ ​you​ ​have​ ​malalignment​ ​or​ ​something​ ​that​ ​is​ ​tight​ ​or​ ​weaker
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21
Q

Wide hips = ______ Q angle

A

bigger

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22
Q

What is the normal Q angle for men?

A

5-10 degrees

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23
Q

What is the normal Q angle for women?

A

10-15 degrees

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24
Q

Describe the movements at the knee.

A
  • flexion/extension/hyperextension
  • Medial​ ​tibial​ ​rotation/lateral​ ​tibial​ ​rotation
  • Knees​ ​need​ ​to​ ​be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​squat
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25
What is a functional test for the knees?
- squat test - Squat,​ ​bounce,​ ​up - Shows​ ​leg​ ​and​ ​knee​ ​can​ ​weight​ ​bear - Shows​ ​that​ ​muscles​ ​all​ ​work
26
What is the MOI for a MCL sprain?
- Always​ ​sprained​ ​from​ ​a​ ​blow​ ​coming​ ​in​ ​from​ ​the​ ​lateral​ ​side - Lateral​ ​blow​ ​=​ ​valgus​ ​force
27
What are the signs and symptoms for a MCL sprain?
- clear swelling - Generally​ ​swelling​ ​with​ ​entire​ ​knee - Bruising​ ​will​ ​be​ ​over​ ​whichever​ ​structure​ ​you​ ​damaged - Bruising​ ​over​ ​top​ ​MCL - Pain - redness/heat - Deformity​ ​at​ ​grade​ ​2​ ​(can​ ​feel),​ ​deformity​ ​at​ ​grade​ ​3​ ​(may​ ​be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​see)
28
What can lots of swelling during a MCL sprain do?
- can​ ​make​ ​it​ ​look​ ​like​ ​the​ ​knee​ ​cap​ ​is​ ​sitting​ ​in​ ​the​ ​wrong​ ​spot - Swelling​ ​can​ ​push​ ​patella​ ​up​ ​or​ ​to​ ​either​ ​side - Could​ ​be​ ​dislocated
29
In​ ​grade​ ​2​ ​or​ ​3​ ​MCL​ ​sprain, we​ ​can​ ​also​ ​have​ what accompanying the injury?
- ​a​ ​muscle​ ​strain​ ​of​ ​adductors accompanying​ ​this (Adductors​ ​run​ ​on​ ​medial​ ​side,​ ​some​ ​run​ ​across​ ​knee) - meniscus injury (Pieces​ ​of​ ​MCL​ ​attach​ ​to​ ​medial​ ​meniscus)
30
How do we manage a grade 1 MCL sprain?
- Walking,​ ​should​ ​be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​walk​ ​normal - Speed​ ​healing - Decreasing​ ​pain​ ​and​ ​inflammation
31
How do we manage a grade 2 MCL sprain?
- Limping,​ ​physically​ ​lack​ ​of​ ​function - Need​ ​support,​ ​not​ ​too​ ​much - Going​ ​to​ ​have​ ​laxity​ ​to​ ​the​ ​inside,​ ​always​ ​feel​ ​like​ ​knee​ ​is​ ​caving​ ​in - May​ ​want​ ​crutches,​ ​depends​ ​on​ ​them​ ​and​ ​their​ ​level​ ​of​ ​function - Crutches​ ​to​ ​make​ ​gait​ ​pattern​ ​as​ ​normal​ ​as​ ​possible
32
How do we manage a grade 3 MCL sprain?
- See​ ​a​ ​doctor - Get​ ​x-rays​ ​done - May​ ​need​ ​surgery​ ​(not​ ​common) - Needs​ ​lots​ ​of​ ​stability - Lots​ ​of​ ​adductor​ ​strengthening
33
Why is the LCL more difficult to sprain than the MCL?
IT bands support the outside
34
What is the MOI for a LCL sprain?
- Blow​ ​from​ ​medial​ ​side | - Blow​ ​from​ ​medial​ ​side​ ​=​ ​varus
35
What are the signs and symptoms of a LCL sprain?
- Pain - Clear​ ​swelling - Bruising​ ​over​ ​lateral​ ​side - redness/heat - Might​ ​see​ ​deformity​ ​of​ ​patella​ ​position​ ​based​ ​on​ ​how​ ​much​ ​swelling​ ​you​ ​have - Grade​ ​1,​ ​2,​ ​3
36
How do we manage LCL sprains?
- Very​ ​rare​ ​to​ ​surgically​ ​repair​ ​because​ ​of​ ​IT​ ​band - Same​ ​as​ ​MCL - Decrease​ ​pain​ ​and​ ​inflammation - Get​ ​function​ ​back
37
What is the special test for MCL sprains?
- valgus stress test | - ​​lateral​ ​force​ ​from​ ​lateral​ ​side
38
What is the special test for LCL sprains?
- varus stress test | - medial force from medial side
39
What is the positive test for valgus and varus stress tests?
- Grade​ ​1​ ​positive​ ​test:​ ​pain - Grade​ ​2​ ​positive​ ​test:​ ​pain​ ​and​ ​laxity,​ ​moves​ ​farther​ ​than​ ​it​ ​should - Grade​ ​3​ ​positive​ ​test:​ ​no​ ​pain,​ ​lots​ ​of​ ​laxity
40
What is the MOI for a ACL sprain?
- Tibia​ ​going​ ​forward,​ ​femur​ ​going​ ​backwards - Somebody​ ​lands​ ​or​ ​hits​ ​you​ ​in​ ​calf​ ​going​ ​forward - Blow​ ​on​ ​femur​ ​going​ ​backwards​ ​with​ ​feet​ ​planted​ ​(less​ ​common) - Need​ ​failure​ ​of​ ​hamstrings​ ​to​ ​get​ ​this​ ​injury - may hear pop
41
More ___ get this injury than _____.
men>women
42
What are the signs and symptoms for a ACL sprain?
- bloody inflammation - Bruising - redness/heat - Whole​ ​knee​ ​looks​ ​swollen​ ​and​ ​bruised - Grade​ ​1,​ ​2,​ ​3
43
What is bloody inflammation?
- Blood​ ​vessel​ ​in​ ​middle​ ​of​ ​knee​ ​gets​ ​lots​ ​of​ ​blood​ ​supply - Swelling​ ​has​ ​blood​ ​in​ ​it
44
How do we manage ACL sprains?
- Commonly​ ​surgically​ ​repaired​ ​at​ ​grade​ ​2​ ​and​ ​3 - Generally​ ​repaired​ ​with​ ​graft​ ​of​ ​hamstring​ ​or​ ​patellar​ ​tendon - Instability​ ​feeling - Feels​ ​like​ ​it’s​ ​dislocating​ ​when​ ​they​ ​walk/move - Hard​ ​to​ ​stabilize​ ​with​ ​tape​ ​or​ ​tensor,​ ​tends​ ​to​ ​be​ ​braced - Zimmer​ ​splints​ ​for​ ​the​ ​beginning
45
What is the special test for ACL sprains?
- ACL anterior drawer test | - hold back tibia and pull it forward
46
What is the positive test for the ACL anterior drawer test?
- Grade​ ​1:​ ​pain - Grade​ ​2:​ ​pain​ ​and​ ​laxity - Grade​ ​3:​ ​lots​ ​of​ ​laxity,​ ​very​ ​little​ ​pain
47
What is the MOI of a PCL sprain?
- Very​ ​difficult​ ​to​ ​sprain,​ ​backed​ ​up​ ​by​ ​the​ ​quads - Hyperflexion - Collision​ ​with​ ​people​ ​land​ ​on​ ​top - Feel​ ​pop
48
What are the signs and symptoms of a PCL sprain?
- Bloody​ ​swelling - Not​ ​as​ ​disabling​ ​as​ ​ACL - Knee​ ​moves​ ​more​ ​than​ ​it​ ​should​ ​in​ ​backwards​ ​ROM - Same​ ​signs​ ​and​ ​symptoms
49
How do we manage a PCL sprain?
- Very​ ​rarely​ ​surgically​ ​repaired | - May​ ​not​ ​have​ ​a​ ​big​ ​impact​ ​on​ ​daily​ ​activities
50
What is the special test for PCL sprains?
- Posterior​ ​sag​ ​test - Tibia​ ​displacing​ ​posteriorly​ ​into​ ​femur - Bend​ ​knee​ ​and​ ​observe
51
Why do meniscus injuries have less chance of fully healing?
Less​ ​blood​ ​supply​ ​=​ ​less​ ​chance​ ​of​ ​full​ ​healing​ ​(less​ ​nutrition,​ ​less​ ​ability​ ​to​ ​take​ ​away damaged​ ​tissue)
52
What is the MOI of meniscus injuries?
Generally​ ​caused​ ​by​ ​a​ ​flexion​ ​force​ ​with​ ​rotation
53
(inside/outside) meniscus tears are more common.
inside (medial)
54
What are the signs and symptoms of meniscus injuries?
- Knee​ ​catches,​ ​locks - Physically​ ​feels​ ​like​ ​knee​ ​won’t​ ​straighten​ ​or​ ​bend - Pain​ ​along​ ​joint​ ​line - Gradual​ ​swelling​ ​(2-3​ ​days)​ ​through​ ​their​ ​whole​ ​knee - Clear​ ​swelling - Will​ ​not​ ​like​ ​full​ ​flexion​ ​(weight​ ​bearing​ ​or​ ​not) - Chronic​ ​condition,​ ​swelling​ ​when​ ​aggravated,​ ​goes​ ​down
55
How do we manage meniscus injuries with no surgery?
- Sometimes​ ​there​ ​is​ ​no​ ​way​ ​to​ ​unlock​ ​or​ ​relax​ ​it​ ​(stuck​ ​in​ ​flexion​ ​or​ ​extension) - ​go to​ ​hospital,​ ​get​ ​anesthetic​ ​and​ ​loosen
56
How do we manage meniscus injuries with surgery?
- try​ ​to​ ​preserve​ ​as​ ​much​ ​of​ ​meniscus​ ​as​ ​possible - Sew​ ​up​ ​tear - Non​ ​weight​ ​bearing,​ ​immobilized​ ​for​ ​2-3​ ​weeks - Can​ ​put​ ​in​ ​false​ ​meniscus - Longer​ ​rehab​ ​with​ ​longer​ ​stitch​ ​up,​ ​or​ ​with​ ​taking​ ​parts​ ​of​ ​meniscus​ ​out - Non​ ​weight​ ​bearing,​ ​immobilized​ ​for​ ​12​ ​weeks
57
What are the two special tests for meniscus injuries?
- McMurray's | - Apley's
58
What is the McMurray's test?
​- force​ ​them​ ​together,​ ​move​ ​them​ ​around​ ​to​ ​make​ ​sure​ ​they’re​ ​are​ ​in tact - Need​ ​to​ ​be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​straighten​ ​leg - Click​ ​or​ ​pop​ ​deep​ ​in​ ​knee,​ ​generally​ ​not​ ​pain​ ​but​ ​uncomfortable
59
What is the Apley's test?
- Pushing​ ​down​ ​on​ ​tibia,​ ​turning​ ​internal​ ​and​ ​external​ ​rotation​ ​to​ ​grind against​ ​bone - Test​ ​for​ ​when​ ​they​ ​cannot​ ​straighten​ ​leg - Click​ ​or​ ​pop​ ​deep​ ​in​ ​knee,​ ​generally​ ​not​ ​pain​ ​but​ ​uncomfortable
60
What is the MOI of patellar tendinitis?
- Breakdown​ ​of​ ​tendon,​ ​aggravated​ ​from​ ​jumping,​ ​deep​ ​squats​ ​etc. - Can​ ​get​ ​it​ ​from​ ​people​ ​who​ ​kneel​ ​on​ ​their​ ​knees​ ​a​ ​lot - Chronic​ ​condition
61
What are the signs and symptoms of patellar tendonitis?
- Start​ ​by​ ​only​ ​being​ ​painful​ ​after​ ​activity - Painful​ ​during​ ​last​ ​part​ ​and​ ​after​ ​activity - Starts​ ​affecting​ ​their​ ​performance​ ​(during​ ​activity) - Painful​ ​with​ ​everything - Bursa​ ​under​ ​patella​ ​(infrapatellar​ ​bursa)​ ​is​ ​inflamed​ ​(just​ ​under​ ​their​ ​knee​ ​cap), looks​ ​like​ ​their​ ​knee​ ​cap​ ​is​ ​huge - No​ ​inflammation​ ​in​ ​entire​ ​knee,​ ​only​ ​bursa
62
How do we manage patellar tendonitis?
- Activity​ ​modification - Limit​ ​activity​ ​that​ ​aggravates - Strengthen​ ​tendon - Ultrasound - Current - Laser
63
What exercises can we do to strengthen the tendon after patellar tendonitis?
- Unweighted​ ​drop​ ​squats​ ​(eccentrically,​ ​go​ ​down​ ​fast,​ ​come​ ​up​ ​slow) - Knee​ ​extension​ ​machine​ ​(eccentrically,​ ​load​ ​slowly down,​ ​normal​ ​speed up) - 1​ ​set​ ​of​ ​6
64
What is the MOI for Osgood-Schlatter​ ​Disease?
- Tibial​ ​tuberosity​ ​where​ ​patellar​ ​tendon​ ​attaches​ ​starts​ ​getting​ ​pulled​ ​when​ ​you start​ ​growing​ ​and​ ​a​ ​ossification​ ​(bump)​ ​forms​ ​on​ ​the​ ​front​ ​of​ ​tibial​ ​tuberosity - Generally​ ​happens​ ​at​ ​14-24​ ​years​ ​of​ ​age​ ​(growing,​ ​more​ ​active) - Tendon​ ​is​ ​exerting​ ​enough​ ​strength​ ​that​ ​it​ ​is​ ​pulling​ ​away​ ​from​ ​bone.​ ​In​ ​order​ ​to protect​ ​it,​ ​bone​ ​grows
65
In who is Osgood-Schlatter disease more common?
- Happens​ ​more​ ​commonly​ ​in​ ​males | - More​ ​common​ ​in​ ​people​ ​who​ ​do​ ​jumping​ ​sports
66
What are the signs and symptoms for Osgood-Schlatter disease?
- Both​ ​bump​ ​and​ ​tendon​ ​are​ ​painful​ ​to​ ​the​ ​touch - Local​ ​swelling - Bump​ ​will​ ​never​ ​go​ ​away - When​ ​they​ ​stop​ ​growing​ ​and​ ​aggravating​ ​it​ ​it​ ​will​ ​stop​ ​being​ ​painful
67
What is Larsen-Johansson Disease?
- Same​ ​thing​ ​as​ ​OS​ ​disease​ ​just​ ​at​ ​bottom​ ​of​ ​patella - More​ ​bone​ ​growth​ ​to​ ​hold​ ​onto​ ​tendon - Point​ ​tender​ ​at​ ​patellar​ ​attachment
68
How do we manage Osgood-Schlatter Disease and Larsen-Johansson Disease?
- Symptomatic​ ​relief - Can’t​ ​stop​ ​it - Current - Laser - Active​ ​bone​ ​growth​ ​=​ ​no​ ​ultrasound - With​ ​jumping,​ ​2-4​ ​years​ ​pain - With​ ​normal​ ​activity,​ ​few​ ​months​ ​of​ ​pain - After​ ​24,​ ​will​ ​not​ ​bother​ ​them​ ​anymore
69
What is severs disease?
In calcaneus,​ inflammation of growth plate, ​can​ ​lead​ ​to​ ​OS​ ​disease
70
What are the 4 quad muscles?
- rectis femoris - vastus lateralis - interalis medialis - vastus medialis
71
Where is the rectis femoris?
- Only​ ​one​ ​that​ ​crosses​ ​both​ ​knee​ ​and​ ​hip | - Most​ ​superficial​ ​(most​ ​commonly​ ​damaged)
72
Where is the vastus lateralis?
- Outside | - Second​ ​biggest
73
Where is the vastus medialis?
- Halfway​ ​up​ ​thigh - Affected​ ​most​ ​with​ ​injuries​ ​to​ ​knee - Most​ ​important​ ​in​ ​balancing​ ​out​ ​patella
74
Describe the 3 hamstrings.
- weaker/less of them than quads - All​ ​3​ ​cross​ ​knees​ ​and​ ​hip - Lateral​ ​side,​ ​vastus​ ​femoris - Two​ ​little​ ​ones​ ​on​ ​inside​ ​semitendinosus, semimembranosus​ ​(attach​ ​at​ ​tibial tuberosity)
75
The adductors are on the _______.
inside
76
Describe the adductors.
- Longer - Pull​ ​everything​ ​in - From​ ​hip​ ​to​ ​knee
77
The abductors are on the _______.
outside
78
Describe the popliteus muscle.
- muscle right behind knee - Locks​ ​and​ ​unlocks - Knee​ ​bent​ ​=​ ​shortened​ ​position​ ​=​ ​tight - Physically​ ​painful - Holding​ ​bones​ ​too​ ​close​ ​together​ ​=​ ​knee​ ​is​ ​tight - Let​ ​leg​ ​hyperextend​ ​back​ ​(don’t​ ​push​ ​forward,​ ​don’t​ ​pull​ ​toes​ ​up,​ ​passive)
79
What is the MOI for quad contusions?
- Any​ ​blow​ ​to​ ​the​ ​quad​ ​(s) - Tends​ ​to​ ​get​ ​deeper​ ​blows​ ​than​ ​other​ ​muscles,​ ​can​ ​lead​ ​to​ ​complications - Ex.​ ​slapshot​ ​to​ ​leg,​ ​football​ ​helmet​ ​to​ ​leg,​ ​knee​ ​to​ ​leg
80
What is compartment syndrome?
- All​ ​muscles​ ​are​ ​covered​ ​by​ ​fascial​ ​tissue,​ ​creates​ ​bag​ ​with​ ​no​ ​exit​ ​valve - More​ ​and​ ​more​ ​bleeding​ ​=​ ​more​ ​pressure​ ​=​ ​more​ ​pain - No​ ​way​ ​to​ ​get​ ​blood​ ​out
81
What does compartment syndrome feel like? What should we do?
- Feels​ ​stiff,​ ​not​ ​easy​ ​to​ ​move,​ ​tight​ ​pressure​ ​in​ ​thigh - Hospital
82
What are the signs and symptoms of a grade 1 quad contusion?
- bump - Feels​ ​harder​ ​where​ ​they​ ​got​ ​hit - Muscle​ ​is​ ​spasming - Local​ ​bleeding - Hot - Red - Still​ ​full​ ​ROM​ ​at​ ​knee​ ​and​ ​hip - Can​ ​contract​ ​quad,​ ​may​ ​only​ ​have​ ​a​ ​little​ ​bit​ ​of​ ​pain
83
What are the signs and symptoms of a grade 2 quad contusion?
- Something​ ​bigger​ ​hit​ ​their​ ​leg - More​ ​tissue​ ​damage - More​ ​bleeding​ ​(bruising​ ​at​ ​site) - Bigger​ ​area​ ​of​ ​muscle​ ​spasm - 80%​ ​ROM​ ​at​ ​knee​ ​and​ ​hip - Feels​ ​very​ ​tight - Can​ ​contract​ ​quad​ ​but​ ​will​ ​be​ ​painful​ ​at​ ​site
84
What are the signs and symptoms of a grade 3 quad contusion?
- Rupture​ ​of​ ​tissues - Muscle​ ​splitting​ ​in​ ​the​ ​middle - Fair​ ​amount​ ​of​ ​bleeding​ ​through​ ​majority​ ​of​ ​thigh - Swolen​ ​(visibly​ ​able​ ​to​ ​see) - Uncomfortable​ ​to​ ​the​ ​touch - Can​ ​feel​ ​harder​ ​and​ ​thicker​ ​where​ ​it​ ​was​ ​injured - Lucky​ ​if​ ​they​ ​can​ ​bend​ ​knee​ ​to​ ​90​ ​degrees (90 degrees = functional, painful, tight) - Won’t​ ​be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​get​ ​them​ ​to​ ​hold​ ​quad​ ​contraction (painful, difficult)
85
What are the signs and symptoms of a grade 4 quad contusion?
- severe​ ​bleeding - Severe​ ​bruising - Indent​ ​where​ ​muscle​ ​split - Can’t​ ​contract​ ​or​ ​move​ ​anything - Severe​ ​pain - If​ ​they​ ​cannot​ ​bend​ ​knee​ ​to​ ​90​ ​degrees​ ​=​ ​immediate​ ​hospitalization
86
What happens at the hospital with a grade 4 quad contusion?
- Need​ ​to​ ​be​ ​monitored​ ​that​ ​they​ ​do​ ​not​ ​have​ ​compartment​ ​syndrome - No​ ​valve​ ​=​ ​cut​ ​it​ ​open - Need​ ​x-ray​ ​to​ ​check​ ​for​ ​femur​ ​fracture
87
What can't someone with a min. grade 3 quad contusion do?
fly on a airplane (cannot be in pressurized space)
88
How do we manage quad contusions?
- No​ ​heat - No​ ​massage - No​ ​ultrasound - Will​ ​create​ ​more​ ​bleeding,​ ​none​ ​for​ ​at​ ​least​ ​2​ ​weeks - Ice​ ​(in​ ​as​ ​flexed​ ​position​ ​as​ ​possible,​ ​expose​ ​as​ ​much​ ​muscle​ ​as​ ​possible) - Current​ ​to​ ​calm​ ​muscle​ ​spasm,​ ​swelling,​ ​pain - Can​ ​do​ ​very​ ​gentle​ ​stretching
89
What is myositis ossificans?
- Quad​ ​contusion​ ​with​ ​bone​ ​sent​ ​to​ ​repair​ ​damage - Bone​ ​in​ ​middle​ ​of​ ​quad​ ​muscle - Blow​ ​is​ ​so​ ​severe​ ​that​ ​body​ ​thinks​ ​femur​ ​is​ ​damaged,​ ​sends​ ​calcium​ ​to​ ​site
90
How do we assess myositis ossificans?
x ray
91
How can we accidentally create myositis ossificans?
- Danger​ ​of​ ​this​ ​with​ ​grade​ ​1,​ ​2​ ​quad​ ​contusion​ ​if​ ​it​ ​is​ ​done​ ​wrong - Ultrasound,​ ​heat,​ ​massage​ ​at​ ​bad​ ​time​ ​=​ ​this​ ​injury
92
What are the signs and symptoms of myositis ossificans?
- Will​ ​impact​ ​ability​ ​to​ ​contract​ ​quad​ ​as​ ​well​ ​as​ ​strength​ ​of​ ​quad - Can​ ​affect​ ​ROM,​ ​bones​ ​don’t​ ​bend
93
How do we manage myositis ossificans?
- Can’t​ ​do​ ​anything​ ​about​ ​it - Can’t​ ​cut​ ​it​ ​out​ ​(body​ ​will​ ​send​ ​more​ ​bone) - Permanent - Protect​ ​from​ ​any​ ​further​ ​quad​ ​contusion​ ​(ie​ ​not​ ​playing​ ​sport​ ​anymore)
94
In what muscle do muscle strains occur?
- Can​ ​happen​ ​in​ ​any​ ​muscle - Quads - Hamstrings - Adductors​ ​(groin​ ​pulls)
95
What is the MOI of a muscle strain?
Any​ ​extra​ ​force​ ​to​ ​a​ ​muscle​ ​(stretch,​ ​forceful​ ​contraction​ ​when​ ​the​ ​muscle​ ​wasn’t ready)
96
What are the signs and symptoms of a grade 1 muscle strain?
- Stretching,​ ​no​ ​tearing - Full​ ​function - Structure​ ​is​ ​still​ ​intact - Can​ ​contract - Can​ ​walk
97
What are the signs and symptoms of a grade 2 muscle strain?
- Some​ ​tearing - Lost​ ​some​ ​function - Structure​ ​is​ ​no​ ​longer​ ​intact - Can​ ​feel​ ​it​ ​as​ ​a​ ​hard​ ​contracted​ ​spot​ ​in​ ​muscle - Need​ ​to​ ​protect​ ​if​ ​they​ ​can​ ​still​ ​play,​ ​may​ ​not​ ​be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​play
98
What are the signs and symptoms of a grade 3 muscle strain?
Feels​ ​like​ ​they​ ​got​ ​shot,​ ​instantaneous​ ​intense​ ​pain
99
Quads tend to rupture at the ______.
bottom
100
Hamstrings tend to rupture at the ____.
top
101
Adductors rarely rupture, but adductor longus will rupture at the ______, while others rupture at the _____.
bottom, top
102
What happens to any muscle that ruptures at the top?
they will fall
103
What happens to any muscle that ruptures at the bottom?
they will roll
104
How do we manage a grade 3 muscle strain?
surgically repaired
105
How do we manage muscle strains?
- RICE - Not​ ​a​ ​contusion - Can​ ​ultrasound - Current - Laser - Can​ ​heat​ ​before​ ​activity​ ​to​ ​warm​ ​it​ ​up - Stretch​ ​and​ ​ice​ ​after​ ​activity​ ​to​ ​calm​ ​down​ ​any​ ​spasm​ ​or​ ​inflammation - Can​ ​wrap​ ​to​ ​give​ ​it​ ​more​ ​support
106
What is the special test for muscle strains?
resisted ROM exercises

KNSS 220 Athletic Therapy (14 decks)

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