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KNSS 220 Athletic Therapy > Head and Face > Flashcards

Head and Face Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 eye movements?

A
  • Up​ ​down
  • Side​ ​to​ ​side
  • Diagonals
  • Focus​ ​on​ ​near​ ​and​ ​far​ ​away
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2
Q

What are the most important mouth movements? Why?

A
  • smile and frown

- Account​ ​for​ ​majority​ ​of​ ​muscles​ ​in​ ​lower​ ​face

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3
Q

Accessory movements of the face include…

A
  • nose,​ ​cheek,​ ​ears,​ ​eyebrows

- Most​ ​are​ ​activated​ ​when​ ​people​ ​talk​ ​to​ ​you

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4
Q

What are facial lacerations?

A
  • Cuts​ ​to​ ​the​ ​face
  • Bleeds​ ​a​ ​lot​ ​due​ ​to​ ​all​ ​of​ ​the​ ​blood​ ​vessels​ ​in​ ​the​ ​face
  • Usually​ ​occur​ ​when​ ​someone​ ​is​ ​already​ ​sweaty,​ ​or​ ​somewhere​ ​it​ ​is​ ​hard​ ​to​ ​dress​ ​the wound
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5
Q

What are the rules for stitches?

A
  • inch wide
  • inch long
  • quarter inch deep
  • can’t keep edges together
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6
Q

What do we have to keep in mind with facial lacerations?

A

Cannot​ ​have​ ​visible​ ​bleeding​ ​while​ ​you​ ​are​ ​playing​ ​sports​ ​(exception:​ ​boxing)

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7
Q

How do we manage facial lacerations?

A
  • Apply​ ​direct​ ​pressure

- Dress​ ​wound

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8
Q

What is the medical term for nose bleeds?

A

epitaxis

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9
Q

What is the MOI of nose bleeds?

A
  • due to contact or not

- most commonly from a blow to the nose

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10
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a broken nose?

A
  • Nose​ ​can​ ​look​ ​deformed
  • Racoon​ ​eyes
  • Blue​ ​and​ ​purple​ ​bruising​ ​under​ ​their​ ​eyes
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11
Q

Why do we need to go to the hospital for a broken nose?

A
  • Need​ ​to​ ​make​ ​sure​ ​channel​ ​for​ ​airway​ ​is​ ​fairly​ ​even​ ​so​ ​there​ ​is​ ​no​ ​breathing problems
  • No​ ​floating​ ​pieces
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12
Q

How do we manage nose bleeds?

A
  • Pressure
  • Ice​ ​packs​ ​to​ ​the​ ​forehead​ ​or​ ​back​ ​of​ ​the​ ​neck
  • Pinch​ ​at​ ​or​ ​just​ ​below​ ​bridge​ ​of​ ​the​ ​nose
  • Head​ ​down
  • Do​ ​not​ ​blow​ ​nose
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13
Q

Why do we not want to tilt head back for nose bleeds?

A

Blood​ ​goes​ ​down​ ​throat​ ​and​ ​into​ ​the​ ​stomach​ ​=​ ​throwing​ ​up

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14
Q

What is considered dangerous bleeding for nose bleeds? What do we do?

A
  • 10​ ​minutes​ ​of​ ​gushing​ ​blood
  • Go​ ​to​ ​hospital
  • Don’t​ ​need​ ​ambulance
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15
Q

What can we do for people who have nose bleeds a lot?

A
  • Cut​ ​up​ ​peels​ ​of​ ​citrus​ ​fruits​ ​and​ ​rub​ ​it​ ​on​ ​inside​ ​of​ ​nose
  • Constricts​ ​blood​ ​vessels​ ​away​ ​from​ ​the​ ​surface
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16
Q

What is the timeline for someone with a chip halfway into their tooth to see a dentist? Why?

A
  • within 12 hours
  • Seal​ ​to​ ​avoid​ ​bacteria​ ​into​ ​the​ ​tooth
  • Continuous​ ​with​ ​bloodstream,​ ​easy​ ​way​ ​to​ ​put​ ​bacteria​ ​into​ ​body
  • Try​ ​to​ ​reattach
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17
Q

How can we transport a chipped tooth?

A
  • Bag​ ​of​ ​milk
  • Bag​ ​of​ ​ice
  • Bag​ ​of​ ​water
  • If​ ​it​ ​lives​ ​in​ ​a​ ​moist​ ​environment,​ ​try​ ​and​ ​keep​ ​it​ ​in​ ​a​ ​moist​ ​environment
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18
Q

What do we do for the surface of the chipped tooth in the mouth?

A

gauze

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19
Q

What else do we have to check for if someone has a chipped tooth?

A

concussion

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20
Q

What is the medical term for black eye?

A

orbital hematoma

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21
Q

What is the MOI of black eyes?

A
  • Trauma​ ​to​ ​eye​ ​area,​ ​orbital​ ​bone​ ​area

- Can​ ​come​ ​with​ ​nose​ ​bleeds

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22
Q

How do we check for fractures that result from black eyes?

A
  • Only​ ​way​ ​to​ ​test​ ​is​ ​to​ ​physically​ ​palpate​ ​them
  • More​ ​than​ ​pain​ ​from​ ​contusion
  • Chips​ ​missing
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23
Q

Fracture to 2 or more sides of the eye orbit means …

A
  • eye will drop

- hospital (not EMS)

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24
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a black eye?

A
  • Bruising
  • Bleeding
  • Swelling
25
How do we manage black eyes?
- Can’t​ ​check​ ​movement​ ​of​ ​eye​ ​if​ ​their​ ​eye​ ​is​ ​swollen - Need​ ​to​ ​check​ ​if​ ​white​ ​part​ ​of​ ​eye​ ​is​ ​red - Need​ ​ice - Need​ ​to​ ​be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​see​ ​and​ ​move​ ​their​ ​eye​ ​in​ ​order​ ​to​ ​play
26
What do we do if they can't see or move eye within 24 hours from getting a black eye? Why?
- go see eye doctor - Make​ ​sure​ ​muscles​ ​are​ ​attached - Optic​ ​nerve​ ​isn’t​ ​damaged - Retina​ ​isn’t​ ​damaged
27
What are blow out fractures?
- Ball​ ​hits​ ​eye​ ​and​ ​comes​ ​away​ ​from​ ​the​ ​eye - Contusion,​ ​if​ ​not​ ​fracture​ ​to​ ​orbit​ ​of​ ​eye - Pulls​ ​eyeball​ ​out,​ ​eyeball​ ​hangs​ ​down
28
Describe their vision after a blow out fracture.
- Still​ ​able​ ​to​ ​see​ ​out​ ​of​ ​eye | - Vision​ ​will​ ​be​ ​off
29
What do we do with the fallen eye of a blow out fracture?
- Keep​ ​in​ ​moist​ ​environment - Do​ ​not​ ​push​ ​back​ ​into​ ​socket - Put​ ​moist​ ​gauze​ ​over​ ​the​ ​eye​ ​that​ ​has​ ​come​ ​out​ ​of​ ​the​ ​socket - Use​ ​dixie​ ​cup
30
People with a blow out fracture generally like ...
- for both their eyes to be covered | - Uncomfortable​ ​for​ ​eyes​ ​to​ ​be​ ​looking​ ​in​ ​different​ ​directions
31
What is the name of the group that does research on concussions?
Zurich consensus
32
What is the 2012 Zurich Consensus definition of a concussion?
concussion​ ​is​ ​a​ ​brain​ ​injury​ ​and​ ​is​ ​defined​ ​as​ ​a​ ​complex pathophysiological​ ​process​ ​affecting​ ​the​ ​brain,​ ​induced​ ​by​ ​biomechanical​ ​forces
33
What are the 4 types of symptoms that you can get from a concussion?
- physical - cognitive (mental) - emotional/behavioural - symptoms that affect sleep
34
Give 3 examples of physical symptoms from a concussion.
- Headaches - Dizziness - Blurred​ ​vision
35
Give 2 examples of cognitive symptoms from a concussion.
- Difficulty​ ​concentrating | - Difficulty​ ​remembering
36
Give 3 examples of emotional symptoms from a concussion.
- Irritability - Sad - Anxious
37
Give 3 examples of sleep related symptoms from a concussion.
- Difficult​ ​to​ ​fall​ ​asleep - Difficult​ ​to​ ​stay​ ​asleep - Being​ ​very​ ​fatigued
38
What is the MOI of a concussion?
- Direct​ ​blow​ ​to​ ​head - Brain​ ​is​ ​floating,​ ​not​ ​attached​ ​to​ ​surroundings - Whipping​ ​action​ ​of​ ​neck,​ ​brain​ ​will​ ​hit​ ​sides​ ​of​ ​skull​ ​(indirect​ ​blow) - Neck​ ​injury​ ​and​ ​face​ ​injury
39
Most concussions do not involve ....
loss of consciousness
40
Can we see a concussion with imaging?
no
41
What are the 2 types of concussions?
- suspected concussion | - diagnosed concussion
42
What is a suspected concussion?
- Some​ ​sort​ ​of​ ​MOI​ ​that​ ​can​ ​lead​ ​to​ ​a​ ​concussion - Haven’t​ ​seen​ ​medical​ ​professional​ ​to​ ​diagnose - Most​ ​concussions
43
Describe the SCAT.
- Put​ ​out​ ​by​ ​the​ ​Zurich​ ​Consensus​ ​to​ ​diagnose​ ​concussions - Anyone​ ​can​ ​access​ ​it - Should​ ​take​ ​about​ ​10​ ​minutes
44
What do you do after the SCAT?
- If​ ​after​ ​10​ ​minutes​ ​they​ ​have​ ​symptoms​ ​=​ ​concussion - If​ ​they​ ​have​ ​a​ ​concussion,​ ​monitor​ ​them - Unconscious​ ​when​ ​you​ ​got​ ​to​ ​them,​ ​or​ ​go​ ​unconscious​ ​later​ ​=​ ​go​ ​to​ ​hospital - Do​ ​not​ ​need​ ​to​ ​go​ ​to​ ​hospital​ ​for​ ​any​ ​other​ ​reason
45
What is the only exception for headaches after the SCAT?
only​ ​headache​ ​where​ ​they​ ​got​ ​hit​ ​=​ ​contusion
46
What is the main component of managing concussions?
rest (physical and cognitive)
47
What does cognitive rest consist of?
- Decrease​ ​mental​ ​activity​ ​as​ ​much​ ​as​ ​possible | - Ex.​ ​classes,​ ​tv,​ ​texting,​ ​computer
48
Describe the steps for RTP.
- Day 1: 24 hours symptom free - Day 2: ​light​ ​aerobic​ ​exercise​ ​for​ ​20​ ​minutes - Day 3: ​30​ ​minutes​ ​of​ ​aerobic​ ​activity​ ​with​ ​intervals - Day 4: ​50%​ ​effort​ ​no​ ​contact​ ​practice - Day 5: contact practice - Day 6: RTP
49
What is second impact syndrome?
- Second​ ​impact​ ​to​ ​the​ ​brain​ ​while​ ​it​ ​is​ ​still​ ​recovering​ ​from​ ​the​ ​first - Will​ ​generally​ ​see​ ​at​ ​least​ ​twice​ ​the​ ​damage - Will​ ​take​ ​at​ ​least​ ​twice​ ​as​ ​long​ ​to​ ​recover
50
Why is second impact syndrome most common in people under 20? Why is this a concern?
- Less​ ​medically​ ​trained​ ​people​ ​at​ ​sporting​ ​events - Brain​ ​is​ ​still​ ​developing - Can​ ​end​ ​up​ ​with​ ​long​ ​term​ ​symptoms
51
Why should we do manual work on the neck for concussions?
may​ ​have​ ​whiplash,​ ​can​ ​refer​ ​symptoms​ ​into​ ​head
52
What are the special tests for head injuries?
- SCAT | - cranial nerve testing
53
Describe the 12 steps of cranial nerve testing.
1. smell 2. vision 3. eye movement 4. eye movement 5. face sensation 6. eye movement 7. facial expression 8. hearing 9. swallow 10. swallow, speech 11. swallow 12. tongue movement
54
What is a cranial hematoma?
- Complication​ ​to​ ​a​ ​concussion - Shine​ ​light​ ​into​ ​eyes - Will​ ​kill​ ​you​ ​in​ ​3​ ​days​ ​if​ ​not​ ​caught - Bleeding​ ​in​ ​the​ ​brain - Nowhere​ ​for​ ​it​ ​to​ ​go
55
What is a epidural hematoma?
- Bleeding​ ​in​ ​brain​ ​within​ ​minutes​ ​to​ ​first​ ​couple​ ​of​ ​hours​ ​from​ ​when​ ​blow​ ​was​ ​sustained - Fast​ ​bleed - Happening​ ​in​ ​epidural​ ​meningeal
56
What are the symptoms of a epidural hematoma?
- Shows​ ​with​ ​loss​ ​of​ ​consciousness - Symptoms​ ​will​ ​get​ ​gradually​ ​worse​ ​over​ ​3-4​ ​hours - One​ ​of​ ​their​ ​pupils​ ​will​ ​be​ ​dilated​ ​on​ ​the​ ​side​ ​they​ ​got​ ​hit​ ​on - Will​ ​eventually​ ​lose​ ​consciousness​ ​again​ ​then​ ​die - will all happen within 5 hours of getting hit
57
What is a subdural hematoma?
- Happens​ ​below​ ​meningeal | - whiplash as opposed to hitting head
58
What are the symptoms of a subdural hematoma?
- Generally​ ​not​ ​see​ ​unconsciousness - Still​ ​will​ ​see​ ​dilation​ ​of​ ​pupil​ ​to​ ​the​ ​same​ ​side​ ​as​ ​blow - Symptoms​ ​will​ ​get​ ​worse - Generally​ ​takes​ ​longer - can take up to 2 days
59
Which one is more common? Epidural or subdural hematomas?
subdural hematoma

KNSS 220 Athletic Therapy (14 decks)

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