Extra Conditions Flashcards
Why would we go to the hospital with a wound?
any debris inside
What are the 3 categories of wounds?
- abrasions: scraping
- lacerations: generally cuts
- punctures: point that pierces
How do we manage wounds?
- Clean them
- Dress them
- Make sure that they stay clean
How long should wounds take to heal if not infected?
about a week
What are the signs of infection?
- Red circle around wound
- Tender to touch
- Inflammation
- fever
What are infectious diseases?
- Any pathogen that enters your body that disrupts normal function
- Immune system matches defence
Most pathogens are …
bacteria
What are the signs and symptoms of infectious diseases?
- Fever
- Inflammation
- Red circle
What does MRSA stand for?
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
Why do we see MRSA with athletes?
because of their environment
When are you more prone to getting MRSA?
open wound
Why is MRSA dangerous?
resistant to antibiotics
What are the signs and symptoms of MRSA?
- Fever
- Feel unwell
- Area with cut will become very swollen, red, tender to the touch
How do we manage MRSA?
Try and give them higher and higher doses of antibiotics
MRSA can lead to …
flesh eating disease (necrotizing fasciitis)
What is flesh eating disease?
- Physically eats skin and fascia tissue away from body
- Cut limbs off to save rest of body
- Difficult to be killed in a medical environment
Name some blood borne pathogens.
- Bacteria
- Viruses (cold virus)
- Hepititis (High possibility of spreading in athletic environments)
- HIV
Name some universal precautions.
- Wash hands
- Use gloves
- Clean environment
- Take antibiotics until they are done their prescription
What is diabetes?
Complete or partial decrease in secretion of insulin by pancreas
What are the 2 types of diabetes?
- type 1
- type 2
Describe type 1 diabetes.
- Pancreas doesn’t produce or secrete enough insulin
- Physical loss of function with pancreas
- Insulin dependent
- Must monitor blood sugar and take injections
- Most athletes
- Have particular diets
How do we help manage type 1 diabetes?
- Always travel with monitor and cooler full of their insulin injections
- Keep orange juice, sugar packages in your medical kit so you can help them if they have an incident while they are playing
Describe type 2 diabetes.
- Related to obesity
- Related to sugar intake
- Non insulin dependent
- Do not monitor blood sugar daily
- Not taking injections
Most people with diabetes can manage with…
balanced precise eating and good activity levels
What are the 2 different emergencies for people with diabetes?
- diabetic coma
- insulin shock
What is a diabetic coma?
- too much sugar in blood
- need to take insulin
What are the signs and symptoms of a diabetic coma?
- Fruity breath (sweet smelling)
- Laboured breathing
- Naucious
- Vomiting
- Thirsty
- Confused
- Flushed skin
What is insulin shock?
- too much insulin or not enough sugar
- need sugar: OJ with sugar
- generally type 1 diabetics have these more than type 2
What are the signs and symptoms of insulin shock?
- Physically weak
- Tingling sensation in hands and feet
- Headaches
- Abdominal pain
- Rapid heartbeat
- Irritable
- Fatigued
What is epilepsy? What can it be caused by?
- recurrent seizure pattern
- can be caused by concussion
What are grand mal seizures?
- Bigger looking episodes
- Last longer
- More impact on their life
- Out of commission for longer
What are petite mal seizures?
- Smaller looking episodes
- Don’t last as long
- Not out of commission for as long
What do we caution people with epilepsy in athletics?
- avoid collision sports
- avoid dangerous environments to have seizure
Why do people with epilepsy need to avoid collision sports?
risk of impact to head
Name some dangerous environments for people with epilepsy.
- Rock climbing
- Cliff diving
- In the water
- Avoid being alone
- Some related to heights
Asthma can be triggered by:
- cold, cold weather
- Sharp increases in physical activity
- Increases in barometric pressure
- Emotional distress
- Exposure to allergens
What is asthma?
- Spasm of bronchial wall
- Less of tube for air to get through
- increased mucus production
What are the signs and symptoms of asthma?
- Difficulty breathing
- High stress
- Hyperventilate
- Tightness in chest
- Cough
- Wheezing
- Tired
- Might pass out
What do puffers do?
Medication cause dilation through bronchial
What exercises are recommended for people with asthma?
- Helps to increase fitness levels of respiratory system
- Need good warm ups and cool downs
- Swimming is highly recommended
- Breathing out against water is like weight resistance to lungs
What is mononucleosis caused by?
virus (epstein barr virus)
Mono attacks …
- whole body
- RBC
What are signs and symptoms of mono?
- very tired, can’t function
- Inflames and enlarges their spleen
- Spleen is where RBC is produced, get rid of ones that aren’t working
Why do we limit people with mono from all activity for 3-4 weeks?
- Any injury to spleen would be bad
- If spleen is ruptured or damaged, it can’t be replaced, need dialysis
Why are people with mono seen by a doctor every 2 weeks?
monitoring inflammation in spleen
What is anemia?
iron deficiency in blood
What are the 3 typical causes of anemia?
- not enough RBC
- diet, not enough iron
- long distance runner: destroying RBC with contact
What are the signs and symptoms of anemia?
- Generally will have sharp performance decline
- More tired
- More sore
- Generally have burn in thighs
- Nauseous
- Crave ice
How do we manage anemia?
- important to know why they have it
- increase iron intake
- Increase red meat, increase poultry, take supplements
What do we do for long distance runners with anemia?
- decrease their mileage
- Cross training
- Less impact
