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KNSS 220 Athletic Therapy > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What joint is on top of the shoulder?

A

AC (acromioclavicular) joint

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2
Q

What joint is what we think of as the shoulder?

A

GH (glenohumeral) joint

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3
Q

What is scapulothoracic?

A

scapula and ribs

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4
Q

What is sternoclavicular?

A

clavicle and sternum joint

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5
Q

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor muscle
  • subscapularis muscle
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6
Q

What do we look for in shoulder assessment observations?

A
  • forward head
  • rounded shoulders
  • winging scapula
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7
Q

How does forward head affect the shoulder?

A

pressure on nerves in neck, will refer to arm

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8
Q

How does rounded shoulders affect the shoulder?

A

​shortened​ ​muscles​ ​on​ ​front,​ ​elongated​ ​muscles​ ​in​ ​back,​ ​changing how​ ​the​ ​arm​ ​sits

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9
Q

What is winging scapula?

A

scapula sits out from body, not tight to ribcage

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10
Q

Separations are specific to which joint?

A

AC joint

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11
Q

Dislocations are specific to which joint?

A

GH joint

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12
Q

Where does AC joint sprains occur?

A

at very top of shoulder

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13
Q

What is the MOI of AC joint sprains?

A
  • vulnerable in collision sports
  • FOOSH (upwards force on clavicle)
  • ex. bike riders hitting ground, hockey players hitting boards
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14
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a grade 1 AC joint sprain?

A
  • stretch of ligaments, no tearing

- mild symptoms

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15
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a grade 2 AC joint sprain?

A
  • some stretch, some tearing
  • moderate symptoms
  • will see laxity with special tests
  • will see some deformity
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16
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a grade 3 AC joint sprain?

A
  • rupture of all of the main ligaments in that joint
  • not physically attached
  • severe symptoms
  • severe deformity
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17
Q

Grades 4-6 of AC joint sprains involve what?

A

fractures or displacement of the clavicle

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18
Q

What is step deformity?

A
  • as you have less ligaments holding it, the end of the clavicle sneaks up
  • tends to be lifelong
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19
Q

How do we manage 1st and 2nd degree AC joint sprains?

A
  • RICE
  • Modalities​ ​to​ ​calm​ ​down​ ​spasm
  • Strengthen​ ​joint
  • Regain​ ​ROM
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20
Q

How do we manage grades 3+ AC joint sprains?

A
  • Need​ ​to​ ​be​ ​seen​ ​at​ ​the​ ​hospital
  • Check​ ​for​ ​fractures
  • Check​ ​to​ ​see​ ​if​ ​clavicle​ ​is​ ​still​ ​where​ ​it​ ​should​ ​be
  • May​ ​need​ ​surgery​ ​(fracture:​ ​bar​ ​and​ ​pin)
  • Immobilized​ ​in​ ​sling​ ​for​ ​usually​ ​5-6​ ​weeks
  • Start​ ​doing​ ​some​ ​rehab​ ​at​ ​weeks​ ​2-3
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21
Q

What are the special tests for AC joint sprains?

A
  • physically looking for deformity

- cupping and pushing clavicle up and down

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22
Q

What are positive tests for AC joint sprains?

A
  • Pain​ ​is​ ​1st​ ​degree
  • Pain​ ​and​ ​laxity​ ​is​ ​2nd​ ​degree
  • No​ ​pain​ ​and​ ​laxity​ ​is​ ​3rd​ ​degree
  • Grades​ ​4-6​ ​would​ ​not​ ​be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​touch​ ​it
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23
Q

50% of all dislocations occur where?

A

at the shoulder

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24
Q

dislocations =

A
  • sprains and strains
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25
Q

In what direction do GH dislocations occur?

A
  • can occur in any direction
  • anterior dislocations are most common
  • can go straight backward (arm gets hit, humerus goes backwards)
  • can go inferior (arm abducted, hit on top)
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26
Q

Dislocations can either…

A

stay out or move out and come back into place

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27
Q

What is the MOI for GH dislocations?

A
  • ​abduction​ ​with​ ​external​ ​rotation

- ​any​ ​large​ ​trauma​ ​to​ ​shoulder

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28
Q

What are subluxations?

A
  • partly out of place and coming back in

- usually muscle or ligament stops it from going all the way out

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29
Q

Why do GH dislocations need to be seen by a doctor at a hospital?

A
  • Arteries,​ ​veins,​ ​nerves,​ ​don’t​ ​want​ ​secondary​ ​injury
  • X-rays
  • Everything​ ​is​ ​sitting​ ​where​ ​it​ ​should
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30
Q

What is a complication from GH dislocations?

A
  • Labrum​ ​is​ ​cup​ ​that​ ​sits​ ​inside​ ​shoulder​ ​blade
  • Common​ ​to​ ​tear​ ​and​ ​have​ ​extra​ ​injury
  • Makes​ ​rehab​ ​more​ ​complicated
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31
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of GH dislocations?

A
  • sulcus deformity
  • Pain​ ​and​ ​disability
  • Can​ ​be​ ​physically​ ​stuck​ ​in​ ​the​ ​position
  • Generally​ ​aching​ ​pain,​ ​not​ ​sharp​ ​pain
  • Will​ ​have​ ​full​ ​movement​ ​in​ ​through​ ​elbow​ ​and​ ​hand
  • No​ ​ability​ ​to​ ​move​ ​shoulder
  • Can​ ​fully​ ​shoulder​ ​shrug​ ​(doesn’t​ ​involve​ ​GH​ ​joint)
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32
Q

What is sulcus deformity?

A
  • Deltoid​ ​is​ ​holding​ ​humerus​ ​into​ ​place​ ​(being​ ​hung)
  • Deltoid​ ​muscle​ ​will​ ​be​ ​very​ ​flat
  • Will​ ​look​ ​like​ ​they​ ​have​ ​very​ ​little​ ​shoulder​ ​development​ ​on​ ​one​ ​side
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33
Q

What is backwards rehab?

A

scar the joint down

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34
Q

Doing too much early in rehab of GH dislocations could result in?

A

can turn into someone who can pop out shoulder all the time

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35
Q

Describe rehab for GH dislocations.

A
  • backwards rehab
  • Nothing​ ​to​ ​hold​ ​it​ ​back​ ​in​ ​place​ ​(ligaments​ ​and​ ​muscles​ ​are​ ​sprained​ ​and​ ​strained)
  • Put​ ​in​ ​brace​ ​(big​ ​harness),​ ​left​ ​for​ ​6​ ​weeks,​ ​no​ ​ROM​ ​at​ ​shoulder
  • Can​ ​start​ ​isometrics​ ​in​ ​that​ ​position
  • After​ ​6​ ​weeks,​ ​if​ ​it​ ​seems​ ​fused​ ​in​ ​there,​ ​then​ ​we​ ​will​ ​start​ ​ROM
  • All​ ​ROM​ ​is​ ​to​ ​be​ ​below​ ​90​ ​degrees​ ​(horizontal)
  • After​ ​3​ ​months​ ​post​ ​injury,​ ​we​ ​add​ ​ROM​ ​above​ ​90​ ​degrees
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36
Q

What are the special tests for GH dislocations?

A
  • sulcus test
  • apprehension position
  • anterior and posterior drawer
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37
Q

What is the sulcus test?

A
  • Flattened​ ​deltoid
  • Pull​ ​down​ ​on​ ​arm​ ​to​ ​create​ ​more​ ​of​ ​an​ ​effect
  • Will​ ​see​ ​gap​ ​below​ ​acromion
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38
Q

What is apprehension position?

A
  • Full​ ​external​ ​rotation​ ​with​ ​abduction
  • Will​ ​not​ ​like​ ​their​ ​position
  • Uncomfortable​ ​and​ ​unstable
  • Makes​ ​it​ ​feel​ ​like​ ​their​ ​shoulder​ ​is​ ​going​ ​to​ ​pop​ ​out
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39
Q

Describe the anterior drawer and what a positive test looks like.

A
  • physically​ ​pulling​ ​humerus​ ​forward,​ ​stressing​ ​ligaments​ ​on​ ​anterior​ ​side of​ ​joint
  • Laxity:​ ​more​ ​movement​ ​forward
  • Need​ ​to​ ​make​ ​sure​ ​pecs​ ​are​ ​stronger
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40
Q

Describe the posterior drawer and what a positive test looks like.

A
  • Physically​ ​pushing​ ​humerus​ ​backward,​ ​stressing​ ​ligaments​ ​on posterior​ ​side​ ​of​ ​joint
  • Laxity:​ ​more​ ​movement​ ​backward
  • Need​ ​to​ ​make​ ​sure​ ​rotator​ ​cuff​ ​muscles​ ​and​ ​triceps​ ​are​ ​stronger
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41
Q

What is the most commonly fractured bone in the body, especially in sport?

A

clavicle

42
Q

What is the MOI for a clavicle fracture?

A
  • FOOSH
  • direct impact to the side of the body
  • direct impact to the clavicle itself
43
Q

Which part is the weakest part of the clavicle?

A

part in bone that changes direction

44
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a clavicle fracture?

A
  • Inflamed​ ​at​ ​site
  • Can​ ​be​ ​obvious​ ​deformity
  • Even​ ​if​ ​it​ ​is​ ​just​ ​a​ ​crack,​ ​there​ ​will​ ​be​ ​a​ ​deformity​ ​(bump)
  • Point​ ​tender
  • Lot​ ​of​ ​heat
  • Lots​ ​of​ ​redness
45
Q

What is a complication from clavicle fractures?

A
  • Blood​ ​vessel​ ​going​ ​to​ ​arm​ ​is​ ​right​ ​underneath
  • No​ ​feeling​ ​in​ ​fingers​ ​or​ ​pulse​ ​in​ ​arm​ ​=​ ​medical emergency
  • Lots​ ​of​ ​bruising​ ​from​ ​direct​ ​hit​ ​=​ ​ambulance​ ​(could​ ​have​ ​hit​ ​subclavian​ ​artery)
46
Q

What do we do for people with clavicle fractures immediately?

A

want​ ​to​ ​support​ ​their​ ​arm​ ​and​ ​tilt​ ​their​ ​head​ ​that​ ​way

47
Q

What do they do with clavicle fractures if the 2 pieces are not connected?

A

pin

48
Q

pins and plates =

A

less immobilization

49
Q

no pins and plates =

A

longer immobilization

50
Q

Describe the management for clavicle fractures.

A
  • 6-8 weeks immobilization

- can follow normal protocol for rehab after immobilization (not like dislocations)

51
Q

What is the special test for clavicle fractures?

A
  • no special test

- will hate horizontal (cross) flexion (adduction)

52
Q

Describe the anatomy of why biceps tendonitis occurs.

A
  • Long​ ​head​ ​tendon​ ​sits​ ​in​ ​grove​ ​on​ ​front​ ​of​ ​shoulder,​ ​white​ ​membrane​ ​overtop
  • Structural​ ​issue​ ​(grove​ ​not​ ​formed​ ​properly)
53
Q

Biceps tendonitis usually occurs in …..

A

the long head (in front of shoulder)

54
Q

What is the MOI for biceps tendonitis?

A
  • Overhead​ ​activities​ ​irritate​ ​(back​ ​strokers,​ ​volleyball​ ​players)
  • Overuse
55
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of biceps tendonitis?

A
  • Pain​ ​locally​ ​at​ ​front​ ​of​ ​shoulder
  • Long​ ​head​ ​biceps​ ​tendon​ ​is​ ​point​ ​tender
  • Mild​ ​inflammation​ ​right​ ​at​ ​the​ ​front​ ​of​ ​the​ ​shoulder
  • Won’t​ ​change​ ​based​ ​on​ ​degree
  • Crepitis​ ​in​ ​tendon
  • Tendonitis:​ ​hurts​ ​after​ ​the​ ​sport…​ ​usually​ ​won’t​ ​stop playing
  • Usually​ ​won’t​ ​come​ ​see​ ​you​ ​until​ ​stage​ ​3​ ​where​ ​it​ affects​ ​their​ ​sport
56
Q

People with biceps tendonitis will have pain with … but no pain with ….

A
  • pain with ​anything​ ​over​ ​head​ ​(only​ ​in​ ​the​ ​front​ ​of​ ​the​ ​shoulder)
  • no pain with anything​ ​involved​ ​with​ ​biceps​ ​at​ ​the​ ​elbow​ ​(elbow​ ​flexion)​
57
Q

How do we manage bicep tendonitis?

A
  • Not​ ​likely​ ​for​ ​them​ ​to​ ​stop​ ​doing​ ​whatever​ ​it​ ​is​ ​that​ ​is​ ​causing​ ​the​ ​problem
  • Ultrasound​ ​to​ ​break​ ​down​ ​scar​ ​tissues
  • Local
  • Current​ ​to​ ​calm​ ​down​ ​swelling​ ​and​ ​pain
  • Laser​ ​to​ ​help​ ​it​ ​heal
  • Something​ ​to​ ​help​ ​them​ ​during​ ​activity
58
Q

What is the stretch for long head of biceps?

A

arm​ ​behind,​ ​raised,​ ​roll​ ​shoulder​ ​forward,​ ​burning
feeling

59
Q

What is the special test for biceps tendonitis?

A

speeds test

60
Q

Describe the speeds test.

A
  • Firing​ ​the​ ​long​ ​head​ ​biceps
  • Arm​ ​straight,​ ​flexed​ ​at​ ​60​ ​degrees​ ​in​ ​front
  • Resisting​ ​shoulder​ ​flexion​ ​(not​ ​elbow​ ​flexion)
  • Will​ ​have​ ​pain​ ​local​ ​to​ ​where​ ​the​ ​biceps​ ​tendon​ ​is
  • Only​ ​pain,​ ​not​ ​laxity
  • Long​ ​head​ ​biceps​ ​is​ ​tender
61
Q

What is happening anatomically for someone with shoulder impingement?

A
  • Supraspinatus​ ​tendon​ ​and​ ​bursa​ ​and​ ​long​ ​head​ ​of​ ​biceps​ ​tendon​ ​come​ ​in​ ​between acromion​ ​and​ ​head​ ​of​ ​humerus
  • No​ ​space​ ​for​ ​anything​ ​to​ ​be​ ​inflamed,​ ​one​ ​of​ ​the​ ​tissues​ ​are​ ​damaged​ ​and​ ​inflamed, making​ ​less​ ​space​ ​for​ ​everything​ ​else​ ​in​ ​the​ ​channel
62
Q

How can bone cause shoulder impingement?

A
  • Rounded​ ​shoulders​ ​can​ ​bring​ ​2​ ​bony​ ​surfaces​ ​together
  • Less​ ​room​ ​for​ ​structures​ ​in​ ​channel
63
Q

We typically see shoulder impingement in people that do lots of _______ activities. Give examples.

A
  • overhead

- ex.​ ​Swimmers,​ ​volleyball​ ​players, painters,​ ​roofers,​ ​siders​ ​etc.

64
Q

What is the tell tale sign for shoulder impingement?

A

painful arc

65
Q

Describe the painful arc.

A
  • When​ ​they​ ​abduct​ ​their​ ​arm,​ ​from​ ​60​ ​degrees​ ​to​ ​120​ ​degrees,​ ​they​ ​have​ ​pain
  • No​ ​pain​ ​from​ ​0-60​ ​degrees
  • No​ ​pain​ ​at​ ​very​ ​top​ ​of​ ​movement
  • Aching​ ​type​ ​sensation,​ ​not​ ​burn
  • Generally​ ​will​ ​point​ ​to​ ​glenohumeral​ ​joint
66
Q

What is responsible for the first 30 degrees of shoulder abduction?

A

supraspinatus

67
Q

How do rotator cuff tendons affect shoulder impingement?

A
  • Rotator​ ​cuff​ ​tendons​ ​attach​ ​onto​ ​humerus
  • Pull​ ​humerus​ ​into​ ​right​ ​position​ ​so​ ​that​ ​channel​ ​is​ ​big​ ​enough
  • If​ ​they​ ​are​ ​not​ ​doing​ ​that,​ ​there​ ​is​ ​not​ ​enough​ ​space
68
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of shoulder impingement?

A
  • Can​ ​see​ ​swelling,​ ​heat,​ ​redness:​ ​depends​ ​on​ ​how​ ​bad​ ​it​ ​is,​ ​generally​ ​not​ ​because deltoid​ ​is​ ​overtop
  • Aggravated​ ​from​ ​doing​ ​more​ ​things​ ​overhead
69
Q

Overuse injury means …

A

we probably won’t see them until stage 3

70
Q

How does stretching the supraspinatus help relieve symptoms of shoulder impingement?

A

tight​ ​muscle​ ​=​ ​shortened​ ​=​ ​taking​ ​up​ ​more​ ​space​ ​in​ ​channel

71
Q

How do we manage shoulder impingement?

A
  • stretch supraspinatus
  • rotator cuff exercises
  • scapular stabilization exercises
  • do all modalities locally
  • ultrasound won’t do much
  • need to solve problem, not numb it
72
Q

Give examples of rotator cuff exercises.

A

External​ ​rotation:​ ​weight​ ​on​ ​side,​ ​tubing,​ ​cable

73
Q

Give examples of scapular stabilization exercises.

A
  • Pull​ ​scapula​ ​back​ ​and​ ​down,​ ​hold,​ ​release
  • Lying​ ​on​ ​stomach,​ ​hold​ ​position
  • Retract​ ​scapula​ ​and​ ​do​ ​Ts,​ ​Ys,​ ​and​ ​Is
  • 3​ ​sets​ ​of​ ​10
  • Slow​ ​steady​ ​movement​ ​and​ ​do​ ​not​ ​release​ ​retraction​ ​or​ ​position​ ​until​ ​the​ ​rep​ ​is done
  • Rotator​ ​cuff​ ​movement​ ​in​ ​overhead​ ​type​ ​movement
74
Q

What is the special test for shoulder impingement?

A

neers test

75
Q

Describe the neers test.

A
  • Passive​ ​abduction​ ​above​ ​their​ ​head
  • Pain​ ​in​ ​middle​ ​of​ ​movement​ ​60-120​ ​degrees
  • Pain​ ​in​ ​ROM,​ ​no​ ​laxity
  • Might​ ​physically​ ​be​ ​stuck​ ​if​ ​it​ ​is​ ​really​ ​bad
76
Q

What is the other name for frozen shoulder?

A

Adhesive​ ​Capsulitis

77
Q

What is happening anatomically for someone with frozen shoulder?

A
  • Capsule​ ​of​ ​shoulder​ ​blade​ ​is​ ​completely​ ​stuck​ ​down
  • Allows​ ​no​ ​movement
  • Completely​ ​restricts​ ​ROM​ ​in​ ​shoulder
  • Generally​ ​happens​ ​in​ ​people​ ​over​ ​the​ ​age​ ​of​ ​45,​ ​but​ ​can​ ​happen​ ​at​ ​any​ ​age
  • humeral head pulled in
78
Q

What is the MOI for frozen shoulder?

A
  • No​ ​idea​ ​why​ ​this​ ​happens

- No​ ​MOI

79
Q

What is the typical cycle that someone with frozen shoulder will go through?

A
  • 6-6-6
  • Worse​ ​for​ ​6​ ​months
  • Stays​ ​the​ ​same​ ​for​ ​6​ ​months
  • Gets​ ​better​ ​for​ ​6​ ​months
  • Regardless​ ​of​ ​what​ ​we​ ​do
  • No​ ​pain,​ ​physically​ ​cannot​ ​get​ ​their​ ​arm​ ​past​ ​60​ degrees​ ​(passive,​ ​active)
80
Q

How much shoulder movement does someone with frozen shoulder have?

A

About​ ​60​ ​degrees​ ​of​ ​movement​ ​in​ ​shoulder​ ​in​ ​every​ ​direction

81
Q

What needs to happen anatomically to move the shoulder past 60 degrees?

A
  • Related​ ​to​ ​rhythm​ ​of​ ​movement​ ​in​ ​shoulder​ ​complex
  • First​ ​60​ ​degrees​ ​is​ ​only​ ​glenohumeral​ ​joint
  • Past​ ​60​ ​degrees,​ ​shoulder​ ​blade​ ​(scapula)​ ​needs​ ​to​ ​move​ ​as​ ​well
  • Scapulothoracic​ ​rhythm
  • 2​ ​to​ ​1​ ​ratio,​ ​shoulder​ ​blade​ ​moves​ ​twice​ ​as​ ​much
  • Once​ ​at​ ​120​ ​degrees,​ ​clavicle​ ​needs​ ​to​ ​move​ ​up,​ ​rotate​ ​back
82
Q

How do we manage frozen shoulder?

A
  • Calm​ ​down​ ​any​ ​other​ ​muscle​ ​spasms​ ​going​ ​on​ ​in​ ​shoulder​ ​and​ ​neck
  • Local​ ​treatment
  • Can​ ​do​ ​all​ ​modalities​ ​but​ ​won’t​ ​make​ ​ROM​ ​of​ ​shoulder​ ​any​ ​better
  • Just​ ​to​ ​make​ ​them​ ​as​ ​comfortable​ ​as​ ​possible
83
Q

What is the special test for frozen shoulder?

A
  • no special test

- Can’t​ ​get​ ​past​ ​60​ ​degrees​ ​actively​ ​or​ ​passively

84
Q

Where do humeral fractures occur?

A
  • Can​ ​fracture​ ​anywhere​ ​along​ ​humerus
  • Most​ ​common​ ​in​ ​shaft​ ​or​ ​neck
  • Generally​ ​in​ ​top​ ​half​ ​of​ ​humerus
85
Q

What is the MOI for humeral fractures?

A
  • MOI:​ ​direct​ ​impact
  • MOI:​ ​FOOSH
  • Can​ ​get​ ​this​ ​from​ ​complication​ ​from​ ​dislocation​ ​of​ ​shoulder​ ​or​ ​elbow
86
Q

Why are small humeral fractures hard to see?

A
  • Large​ ​muscle​ ​mass​ ​in​ ​biceps​ ​and​ ​triceps​ ​can​ ​make​ ​small​ ​fractures​ ​hard​ ​to​ ​see
  • Difficult​ ​to​ ​palpate​ ​humerus
  • Palpate​ ​humerus​ ​in​ ​between​ ​muscle​ ​mass​ ​on​ ​front​ ​and​ ​back
87
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of humeral fractures?

A
  • Through​ ​and​ ​through​ ​break​ ​=​ ​translation​ ​(not​ ​lined​ ​up)
  • Muscles​ ​are​ ​strong,​ ​will​ ​pull​ ​bones​ ​out​ ​of​ ​place​ ​if​ ​they​ ​are​ ​apart
  • Cause​ ​nausea,​ ​feel​ ​physically​ ​ill
88
Q

What are complications that can arise from humeral fractures?

A
  • Top​ ​half​ ​of​ ​humerus:​ ​watch​ ​for​ ​brachial​ ​artery
  • Nerves​ ​run​ ​close​ ​to​ ​bone​ ​in​ ​upper​ ​half​ ​of​ ​humerus
  • Any​ ​pins​ ​and​ ​needles,​ ​tingling​ ​or​ ​can’t​ ​find​ ​pulse​ ​=​ ​ambulance
  • Big​ ​red​ ​bruise​ ​where​ ​brachial​ ​artery​ ​is​ ​=​ ​ambulance
89
Q

How do we manage humeral fractures?

A
  • Stabilize
  • X​ ​rays
  • Smaller​ ​breaks​ ​=​ ​cast​ ​(4-6​ ​weeks)​ ​usually​ ​in​ ​90​ ​degree​ ​arm​ ​bend
  • Because​ ​of​ ​muscle​ ​mass​ ​that​ ​can​ ​pull
  • Through​ ​and​ ​through​ ​break​ ​=​ ​pinned​ ​or​ ​plated
  • Bones​ ​solidify​ ​in​ ​first​ ​2-3​ ​weeks
90
Q

Give rehab and exercises in cast after 2-3 weeks for humeral fractures.

A
  • Isometric​ ​exercises
  • Flexion​ ​and​ ​extension​ ​of​ ​elbow
  • Flexion​ ​and​ ​extension​ ​of​ ​wrist
  • Ball​ ​squeezes​ ​(muscles​ ​in​ ​forearm)
  • No ROM at elbow
91
Q

What is the special test for humeral fractures?

A
  • Palpation
  • Either​ ​side​ ​(medial​ ​and​ ​lateral)​ ​of​ ​muscle​ ​mass
  • Ridiculous​ ​amount​ ​of​ ​point​ ​tenderness
92
Q

Biceps generally rupture or strain at the ______ of the muscle.

A

top

93
Q

Triceps generally rupture or strain at the ______ of the muscle

A

bottom or top third

94
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a grade 1 muscle strain?

A
  • Mild​ ​symptoms
  • Stretching​ ​no​ ​tearing
  • Full​ ​function
  • Pain
95
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a grade 2 muscle strain?

A
  • Tearing
  • Loss​ ​of​ ​function
  • Loss​ ​of​ ​strength​ ​(resisted​ ​testing)
  • bruising
96
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of ruptured biceps or triceps?

A
  • Rupture
  • Biceps​ ​rupture​ ​at​ ​top,​ ​sit​ ​in​ ​a​ ​ball​ ​at​ ​elbow
  • Rupturing​ ​biceps:​ ​brachialis​ ​underneath,​ ​will​ ​still​ ​be​ ​able​ ​to​ ​flex
  • Hear​ ​pop​ ​or​ ​snap
  • Triceps​ ​rupture​ ​at​ ​either​ ​end
97
Q

Rupture at bottom =

A

hang

98
Q

Rupture at top =

A

roll up in a ball

99
Q

How do we manage Muscle​ ​Strains​ ​and​ ​Ruptures​ ​to​ ​Biceps​ ​and​ ​Triceps?

A
  • Decrease​ ​inflammation,​ ​pain
  • Increase​ ​strength
  • Ruptures​ ​will​ ​be​ ​surgically​ ​repaired
100
Q

What is the special test for muscle strains and ruptures to the biceps and triceps?

A

for muscle strength: resisted ROM

101
Q

Describe the resisted ROM test.

A
  • Grade​ ​1:​ ​pain
  • Grade​ ​2:​ ​pain​ ​and​ ​lack​ ​of​ ​strength
  • Grade​ ​3:​ ​complete​ ​loss​ ​of​ ​strength

KNSS 220 Athletic Therapy (14 decks)

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