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KNSS 220 Athletic Therapy > Hip and Pelvis > Flashcards

Hip and Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What is charm pain?

A

superficial

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2
Q

What can we observe from the hip and pelvis?

A

pelvic alignment

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3
Q

What is anteversion?

A
  • toed​ ​in

- whole​ ​leg​ ​is​ ​rotated​ ​in

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4
Q

What is retroversion?

A

​whole​ ​leg​ ​is​ ​rotated​ ​out

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5
Q

What is structural deviation?

A

thats​ ​how​ ​they​ ​are​ ​forever-​ ​we​ ​cannot​ ​change​ ​it

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6
Q

What is functional deviation?

A
  • tight​ ​external​ ​hip​ ​rotators
  • ​function​ ​of​ ​the​ ​muscle
  • muscles​ ​are​ ​tight​ ​and​ ​creating​ ​a​ ​pull
  • muscles​ ​can​ ​be​ ​changed
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7
Q

What movements occur at the hip?

A
  • flexion/​ ​extension
  • abduction/adduction
  • external/internal​ ​rotation
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8
Q

What ligament is more likely to be sprained in the hip?

A
  • very rare

- any ligament can be sprained

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9
Q

What is the MOI of a hip sprain?

A

very violent ROM

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10
Q

How do the signs and symptoms of a hip sprain differ from the signs and symptoms of acute sprains?

A
  • this​ ​is​ ​happening way​ ​inside​ ​your​ ​hip
  • ​not​ ​going​ ​to​ ​see​ ​inflammation​ ​and​ ​bruising​ ​at
    the​ ​surface,​ ​it​ ​is​ ​all​ ​deep​ ​inside
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11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a grade 1 hip sprain?

A

​- can​ ​walk

  • ​deep​ ​pain​ ​deep​ ​inside
  • ​cannot​ ​touch​ ​where​ ​it hurts
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12
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a grade 2 hip sprain?

A

can​ ​walk​ ​with​ ​noticeable​ ​limp

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13
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a grade 3 hip sprain?

A
  • something​ ​torn
  • ​not​ able​ ​to​ ​walk
  • ​feel​ ​like​ ​there​ ​hip​ ​is popping​ ​out​ ​of​ ​the​ ​socket
  • ​go​ ​to​ ​hospital
  • need​ ​imaging​ ​to​ ​sort​ ​it​ ​out
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14
Q

How do we manage a hip sprain?

A
  • ​joint​ ​kept​ ​stable
  • ​very​ ​conservative
  • weight​ ​bearing structure
  • manage​ ​pain
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15
Q

What is the Faber test?

A
  • flexion,​ ​abduction,​ ​external​ ​rotation

- ​negative​ ​test​ ​if​ ​can cross​ ​ankle​ ​over​ ​knee

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16
Q

What is the squat test?

A
  • checking to see if ​hips​ ​can​ ​bear​ ​weight
  • squat​ ​down​ ​as​ ​far​ ​as​ ​possible
  • bounce​ ​lightly​ ​a​ ​few​ ​times,​ ​come​ ​back​ ​up
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17
Q

What is the MOI of a hip pointer/contusion to the ilium?

A

blunt force trauma

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18
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a hip pointer/contusion to the ilium?

A
  • significant​ ​bruising
  • ​muscle​ ​guarding
  • partially​ ​contraction​ would cause​ ​further​ ​damage​ ​and​ ​more​ ​pain,​ ​inflammation,​ ​bruising,​ ​heat, redness
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19
Q

Describe a grade 3 hip pointer/contusion to the ilium.

A
  • possibly​ ​fracture​d ​iliac
  • could​ ​cause​ ​rupture​ ​in​ ​the​ ​ab or​ ​glute​ ​muscles​ ​at​ ​sight​ ​of​ ​attachment​ ​if​ ​hit​ ​hard​ ​enough
  • ​feel deformity
  • pain​ ​with​ ​laughing,​ ​coughing, sneezing​ ​etc
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20
Q

What is the special test for a hip pointer/contusion to the ilium?

A

does not have a special test

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21
Q

How do we manage a hip pointer/contusion to the ilium?

A
  • calm​ ​down​ ​muscle​ ​swelling​ ​and​ ​muscle​ ​guarding

- stay​ ​more​ ​inactive

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22
Q

In a hip flexor or adductor strain, what do we need to be aware of?

A

femoral artery running on the inside

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23
Q

What is the MOI of a hip flexor or adductor strain?

A
  • extensive​ ​stretch

- ​forceful​ ​contraction​ ​and​ ​muscle​ ​wasn’t ready

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24
Q

What are the symptoms like for a grade 1 hip flexor or adductor strain?

A

mild​ ​symptoms

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25
Q

What are the symptoms like for a grade 2 hip flexor or adductor strain?

A
  • ​moderate​ ​symptoms

- pain​ ​with​ ​weakness

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26
Q

What are the signs and symptoms for a grade 3 hip flexor or adductor strain?

A
  • significant​ ​tears
  • incredibly​ ​painful​ ​to​ ​walk
  • ​pain​ ​and weakness
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27
Q

How do we manage hip flexor or adductor strains?

A
  • calm​ ​down​ ​inflammation​ ​and​ ​pain
  • strengthen​ ​muscles​
  • ​get​ ​full ROM​ ​back
  • sports​ ​specific​ ​activities
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28
Q

What are special tests for hip flexors and adductor strains?

A
  • kendall test

- resisted ROM

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29
Q

When are you more prone to suffering a hip flexor strain?

A

if you’re hip flexors are tight

30
Q

Describe the circulation for the iliotibial band.

A
  • no circulation

- no blood vessels run through it

31
Q

How big is the IT band?

A

as big as a deck of cards

32
Q

IT band attaches to ________.

A

the glute max

33
Q

IT band has ______ conditions.

A

chronic

34
Q

What is the snapping hip or the snapping knee?

A
  • called​ ​snapping​ ​because​ ​of​ ​the sound​ ​they​ ​make
  • ​IT​ ​band​ ​rolls​ ​over​ ​the​ ​greater​ ​trochanter​ ​causing the​ ​snapping​ ​noise
  • for​ ​Knee​ ​it​ ​is​ ​rolling​ ​and​ ​snapping​ ​over​ ​a​ ​bony structure​ ​of​ ​a​ ​knee
35
Q

When do you get tight IT bands?

A

when​ ​you​ ​run and​ ​jump​ ​a​ ​lot

36
Q

How do you fix a tight IT band?

A

roll, massage

37
Q

What are the special tests for IT bands?

A
  • ober test: on side, floating leg is positive test
  • Trendelenburg:​ ​standing​ ​on​ ​one​ ​foot​ ​​ ​and​ ​hips​ ​stay​ ​level​ ​it​ ​is a​ ​negative​ ​test,​ ​hips​ ​slide​ ​out​ ​to​ ​the​ ​side​ ​its​ ​a​ ​positive​ ​test
38
Q

Between the hamstrings and the quads, which one is tighter and which one is stronger?

A
  • hamstrings usually tighter

- quads are stronger

39
Q

Between the hip flexors and glutes, which ones are typically tighter and which ones are stronger?

A
  • gluten are generally stronger

- hip flexors are tighter

40
Q

What is gait?

A

the pattern or the way we walk

41
Q

What are the 2 phases of gait?

A
  • stance phase

- swing phase

42
Q

What happens during the stance phase?

A

Heel​ ​strike/initial​ ​contact​ ​→​ ​midstance​ ​→​ ​terminal​ ​stance​ ​→​ ​toe​ ​off​ ​(for​ ​1​ ​leg)

43
Q

The stance phase takes up __% of the cycle.

A

60%

44
Q

In which phase of gait do people generally have problems with pressure/injury?

A

stance phase

45
Q

What happens during the swing phase?

A

Preswing​ ​→​ ​midswing​ ​→​ ​terminal​ ​swing

46
Q

The swing phase takes up __% of the cycle?

A

40%

47
Q

What is 1 cycle of gait?

A

​one​ ​leg​ ​starting​ ​at​ ​whichever​ ​step​ ​and​ ​coming​ ​back​ ​to​ ​it.

48
Q

While one leg is doing stance phase, the other leg is doing ____ phase.

A

swing

49
Q

What happens with reference to gait when we are walking?

A

one leg is always in contact with the ground

50
Q

What happens to gait when we are running?

A
  • Reduced​ ​time​ ​frame​ ​of​ ​each​ ​phase
  • A​ ​section​ ​is​ ​added​ ​where​ ​there​ ​is​ ​no​ ​contact​ ​with​ ​the​ ​ground
  • 30%​ ​in​ ​stance​ ​phase
  • 30%​ ​in​ ​swing​ ​phase
  • 30%​ ​where​ ​there​ ​is​ ​no​ ​contact​ ​with​ ​the​ ​ground
51
Q

Name some reasons to have abnormal gait.

A
  • Injury
  • Pain
  • Disability
  • Pelvis​ ​unalignment
  • Uneven​ ​leg​ ​length
  • Arthritis
  • Cerebral​ ​palsy​ ​etc.​ ​(conditions)
  • Pigeon​ ​toed​ ​(legs​ ​out)
  • Any​ ​structural​ ​or​ ​functional​ ​abnormality
52
Q

What is trendelenburg? How does it affect gait?

A
  • Positive​ ​test:​ ​glutened​ ​weakness​ ​or​ ​injury
  • Can’t​ ​hold​ ​the​ ​person​ ​steady​ ​when​ ​leg​ ​comes​ ​up​ ​during​ ​swing​ ​phase
  • Hip​ ​falls​ ​to​ ​side​ ​to​ ​one​ ​or​ ​both​ ​side
53
Q

What is antalgic? How does it affect gait?

A
  • Antalgic​ ​=​ ​pain
  • Gait​ ​that​ ​has​ ​been​ ​changed​ ​because​ ​of​ ​pain
  • Limping​ ​due​ ​to​ ​pain
  • Will make their own accommodations
54
Q

What happens to gait when people limp due to pain?

A
  • Try​ ​to​ ​avoid​ ​weight​ ​bearing
  • ​try​ ​to​ ​cut​ ​down​ ​stance​ ​phase​ ​from​ ​60%​ ​to​ ​as​ ​little​ ​as
    possible​ ​(​very​ ​short​ ​stance​ ​phase​ ​on​ ​painful​ ​side​,​ ​very​ ​long​ ​stance​ ​phase​ ​on uninjured​ ​stance)
  • People​ ​try​ ​to​ ​avoid​ ​that​ ​by​ ​taking​ ​big​ ​steps
  • Less​ ​ROM​ ​of​ ​joint,​ ​less​ ​ROM​ ​of​ ​muscle
55
Q

What should you watch for when assessing gait?

A
  • Arms​ ​swing​ ​in​ ​opposite​ ​pattern
  • Watch​ ​for​ ​legs​ ​swinging​ ​around​ ​(less​ ​ROM​ ​in​ ​knees​ ​and​ ​ankles​ ​or​ ​tight​ ​hip)
  • Arms​ ​swinging​ ​in​ ​anatomical​ ​position​ ​(thumbs​ ​forward)
  • Head​ ​should​ ​sit​ ​on​ ​top​ ​of​ ​shoulder​ ​and​ ​neck
56
Q

What are the 3 bones in the pelvis?

A
  • Ilium
  • Ishium
  • Pubic​ ​bones
57
Q

What is the sacrum?

A

last 7 vertebrae fused together

58
Q

What are SI joints?

A
  • 2, one on each side
  • Back​ ​of​ ​body
  • SI​ ​ligaments​ ​on​ ​back​ ​side​ ​as​ ​well​ ​as​ ​front​ ​side​ ​of​ ​that​ ​joint
59
Q

What are the landmarks for the hip and pelvis?

A
  • iliac crest
  • PSIS​ ​(posterior​ ​superior​ ​iliac​ ​spine)
  • ASIS​ ​(anterior​ ​superior​ ​iliac​ ​spine)
60
Q

What are the muscles that affect the pelvis?

A
  • Ilial​ ​psoas
  • Tensor​ ​fascia​ ​latte
  • Pelvic​ ​muscles​ ​attach​ ​to​ ​pubic​ ​bone,​ ​can​ ​pull​ ​it​ ​down
  • Glute​ ​muscles​ ​(maximus,​ ​minimus,​ ​medius)
  • Deep​ ​muscles (periformis)
61
Q

Where do glute muscles attach?

A

sacrum and pubis

62
Q

Where does leg length start and end?

A

starts​ ​at​ ​iliac​ ​crest​ ​and​ ​goes​ ​down​ ​to​ ​feet

63
Q

What is considered normal in variation of leg length?

A
  • anything under a inch

- body can adapt without causing problems

64
Q

Describe anatomical causes of leg length variation.

A

One​ ​of​ ​the​ ​bones​ ​in​ ​the​ ​leg​ ​is​ ​physically​ ​longer​ ​than​ ​the​ ​same​ ​bone on​ ​the​ ​other​ ​side

65
Q

Describe functional causes of leg length variation and give an example.

A
  • Created​ ​by​ ​the​ ​body,​ ​generally​ ​the​ ​muscles
  • Most​ ​muscles​ ​that​ ​do​ ​this​ ​is​ ​from​ ​the​ ​knees​ ​to​ ​the​ ​rib cage
  • Not​ ​permanent:​ ​reduce​ ​spasm​ ​=​ ​reduce​ ​discrepancy
  • Ex.​ ​injury​ ​in​ ​hip,​ ​spasm​ ​muscles​ ​can​ ​pull​ ​bones,​ ​make​ ​them​ ​in​ ​a tighter​ ​position​ ​in​ ​a​ ​joint
66
Q

How do we check for leg length discrepancy?

A
  • Landmark​ ​on​ ​body
  • Mark​ ​iliac​ ​crest​ ​on​ ​both​ ​sides​ ​(look​ ​for​ ​one​ ​being​ ​higher​ ​or​ ​lower)
  • Check​ ​greater​ ​trochanter​
  • Check​ ​head​ ​of​ ​fibula​ ​
  • Check​ ​either​ ​malleolus​ (each​ ​is​ ​measuring​ ​top​ ​and​ ​bottom​ ​of​ ​bone)
67
Q

How can we tell if the leg length discrepancy is structural or functional?

A

need x-ray and physical measurements

68
Q

What do we do for leg length discrepancy if they have no pain?

A

nothing

69
Q

What are the landmarks for pelvic malalignment?

A
  • ASIS
  • Iliac​ ​crest
  • PSIS
70
Q

What are the causes for the pelvis pulling up (malalignment)?

A
  • Tight​ ​obliques
  • Tight​ ​lower​ ​back​ ​muscles
  • Tight​ ​psoas
71
Q

What are the causes for the pelvis pulling down (malalignment)?

A
  • Tight​ ​hamstrings
  • Tight​ ​glutes
  • Tight​ ​adductors
  • Tight​ ​IT​ ​band
72
Q

If the pelvis is not aligned, what else will be affected?

A

back will not be aligned

KNSS 220 Athletic Therapy (14 decks)

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