Intro, AT, Emergency, Injury, and Rehab Flashcards
What are 3 stages of healing?
- inflammatory response phase
- fibrotic repair or proliferation phase
- remodelling or maturation phase
How long does the inflammatory response phase last?
~ 7 days
What does the injury look like in the inflammatory response phase?
- red
- big
- tender to touch
What causes pain in the inflammatory response phase?
pressure of all the chemicals pushing on the skin and tissues
Why is swelling necessary for the body to heal?
- body sending chemical mediators to injury area to help clean everything up (damage, debris tissue)
- goal is to get rid of all damaged tissue from area and bring all chemicals towards area that help with healing
Why is lack of swelling bad?
you are not getting all the chemicals needed
What is chronic inflammation?
- inflammation goes on for too long
- can be because you are continuing to re-aggravate the injury (more swelling)
- can be because you are not taking care of it (RICE)
- allows body to re-aggravate the swelling
- eventually becomes weaker joint
What is the fibrotic repair or proliferation phase also called?
fibroblastic repair
What is the timeframe of the proliferation phase?
weeks 2-3 (depends on injury)
Describe what happens in the proliferation phase.
- subacute phase
- regain ROM, try to get strength back
- adding exercises
- important that we don’t cause more damage (safe exercises)
- people start feeling better, need to keep them from doing too much
What is the goal of the proliferation phase?
- help repair the tissue that has been damaged,
- repair circulation
- get all debris tissues out of the way and bring in brand new tissue
What is the timeframe of the remodelling or maturation phase?
- longest phase
- anything past 4 weeks, up to 18 months
Describe what happens in the remodelling or maturation phase.
- chronic phase
- sports specific drills
- return to play/lifestyle
What is the goal of the remodelling or maturation phase?
- strengthening the tissue
- needs to be as strong as possible
How does chronic inflammation affect the remodelling or maturation phase?
- never get to this stage
- always going from stage 1 to stage 2 and back
- will always be weak unless they can go through all the phases properly
What is Wolffs Law?
- Need to have stress on an injured tissue to force it to get better (regardless of what the
tissue is) - Need to be safe stress
- Without this you get chronic injury
What is an application of Wolffs Law?
- walking casts/boots
- less casting
Name 6 factors that impede healing.
- Continued re-aggravation
- Infection
- Not eating well
- Not enough rest
- Smoking
- Too much stress
- Same as when you’re sick
Describe the timeframe for healing for cartilage injuries.
- In discs in back, meniscus in knee etc.
- No good blood flow
- 8-10 weeks
- Some may never heal (no good blood flow, continued re-aggravation)
Describe the timeframe for healing for ligament injuries.
- 6 weeks for second degree or 2 ligaments
- 4 weeks for first degree or 1 ligament
Describe the timeframe for healing for muscle and tendon injuries.
- 6-8 weeks
- Longer due to elasticity
- need to build up strength so that it can withhold the forces applied to it
Describe the timeframe for healing for nerve injuries.
- Very slow (mm/year)
- Never fully regenerate/heal
- 2-3 year, likely permanent
Describe the timeframe for healing for bone injuries.
- Soft callus (physically attached) at 2 weeks
- Can start doing some exercise at 2 weeks
- Fully healed at 6-8 weeks
What will affect timeframe for healing, regardless of the injury?
surgical repair
What are the 3 phases of rehab?
- acute phase
- subacute phase
- chronic/restructuring/remodelling phase
How long does the acute phase last?
from point of injury to 3 days (72 hours) post-injury
What occurs in the acute phase?
- need to baby the injury
- RICE, take it easy
- sets up inflammatory response