Thermoregulation

Question 1

What did the utilization of networks and tissue systems lead to in complex animals?

Answer 1

The development of organs

Question 2

Describe the form of organs.

Answer 2

they use branching and folding within their form, to maximize chemical exchange

Question 3

How do organs communicate?

Answer 3

they are connected by circulatory systems

Question 4

What does organ communication allow?

Answer 4

allows for the internal body environment to be regulated

Question 5

What is homeostasis?

Answer 5

maintaining a steady state, where a variable is kept close to a set point, independent of the external environment

Question 6

What is thermoregulation?

Answer 6

process in which animals maintain their internal temperature within a tolerable range

Question 7

What happens when the body temperature goes outside the tolerable range?

Answer 7

efficiency of enzymes is reduced
alter fluidity of cell membranes
temperature-sensitive processes are disrupted
all with possible fatal results

Question 8

What is a regulator?

Answer 8

uses internal control mechanisms to prevent change in body temperature in the face of external, environmental fluctuation

Question 9

What is a conformer?

Answer 9

allows the internal body temperature to vary with external changes in the environment.

Question 10

What does ectothermic mean?

Answer 10

animals gain heat form the external environment

Question 11

What can ectotherms tolerate?

Answer 11

greater variation in internal temperature

Question 12

What does endothermic mean?

Answer 12

animals generate heat by metabolism, to maintain constant internal body temperature

Question 13

What are endotherms able to do?

Answer 13

remain active across a greater range of external temperatures

Question 14

What can endotherms and ectotherms both have?

Answer 14

constant or variable body temperatures

Question 15

What is a poikilotherm?

Answer 15

an animal whose body temperature that varies greatly with the environment

Question 16

What are homeotherms?

Answer 16

an animal that keeps its body temperature relatively constant

Question 17

What are the four forms of heat transfer?

Answer 17

radiation
evaporation
convection
conduction

Question 18

How do animals change their temperature?

Answer 18

insulation
circulatory adaptation
evaporative cooling 
behavioral responses
regulating metabolism

Question 19

What is thermoregulation closely related to?

Answer 19

bioenergetics - overall transformation and flow of energy in an animal

Question 20

What is metabolic rate?

Answer 20

amount of energy an animal uses in a unit of time

Question 21

What is standard metabolic rate?

Answer 21

SMR: metabolic rate of an ectotherm at rest at a specific temperature

Question 22

What is basal metabolic rate?

Answer 22

BMR: the metabolic rate of an endotherm at rest at a comfortable temperature

Question 23

What is the thermo neutral zone?

Answer 23

TNZ: the comfortable temp where the animal does not need to change metabolic rate to keep body temperature constant

Question 24

What is the body’s thermostat?

Answer 24

The hypothalamus

Question 25

What factors is metabolic rate influenced by?

Answer 25

size, activity, and environment

Question 26

How does the metabolic rate in small and large animals differ?

Answer 26

large animals are more efficient at using energy, require lower metabolism so the don’t overheat
while smaller animals require higher metabolism so they do not overcool

Question 27

What do metabolic rates reflect?

Answer 27

different behavioral states and energy allocation