Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 005B > Osmoregulation and Excretion > Flashcards

Osmoregulation and Excretion Flashcards

1
Q

What is osmoregulation?

A

homeostasis regulation of how to save or remove body water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is osmoregulation conducted?

A

organs regulate solute concentration to influence the movement of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is excretion?

A

disposal of nitrogenous metabolites and waste products from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is osmolarity?

A

The solute concentration of a solution which determines the movement water across a membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does it mean to be isomotic?

A

both sides of the membrane have the same osmolarity, there is equal movement of water in both directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is osmosis?

A

movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane, solutes are blocked and water passes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is dialysis?

A

movement of solute molecules form high to low concentration through a membrane, select solutes are allowed to pass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are osmoconformers?

A

internal body osmolarities are isosmotic with their natural surroundings
only seen in marine animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are euryhalines?

A

animals that tolerate a great deal of osmolarity change

osmoconformers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are Osloregulators?

A

expend energy to control water uptake and loss in either hyperosmotic or hyposmotic areas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are stenohalines?

A

animals that cannot tolerate much osmolarity change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most marine invertebrates are…

A

osmoconformers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most marine vertebrates are…

A

osmoregulators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most freshwater animals are…

A

osmoregulators
hyperosmotic to freshwater and need to lose excess water
they gain water by osmosis and lose salt by diffusion
drink almost no water and excrete dilute urine and uptake needed salt through food and gills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Marine animals lose water by…

A

osmosis and gain salt by diffusion from food

they drink seawater and excrete extra salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is anhydrobiosis?

A

a dormant state in which an organism survives being very desiccated (dehydrated)
seen in temporary water animals like tardigrades

17
Q

How do land animals osmoregulate?

A

drink water, consume moist food and use metabolic water to replenish their water stores

18
Q

What are important breakdown products?

A

nitrogenous wastes like ammonia

19
Q

What is transport epithelia?

A

all osmoregulation/excretory systems use layers of epithelial cells that move specific solutes in specific directions

20
Q

What are the steps of the Tubular Theme?

A

Filtration: pressure forces water/solutes from blood/hemolymp into Tubule
Reabsorption: valuable solutes from the filtrate are reclaimed into the body
Secretion: depositing toxins and solutes from body fluids to the filtrate
Excretion: removal of filtrate from the system (urine)

21
Q

What controls osmoregulation and excretion in vertebrates?

A

kidneys

22
Q

What tubules in kidneys called?

A

Nephrons

closely associated with capillaries

23
Q

What is the kidney supplied with?

A

the renal artery and renal vein

24
Q

What exits the kidney?

A

urine, through the ureter which drains into the bladder, where urine is expelled through urethra

25
Q

What are the two distinct regions of the kidney?

A

outer renal cortex

inner renal medulla

26
Q

What is the nephron made of?

A

a single long tubule and a ball of capillaries called the glomerus

27
Q

What is Bowman’s Capsule?

A

collection of duct surrounding glomerulus, which receives filtrates from the blood brought by capillaries

28
Q

What allows exchange in the kidney?

A

extensive network of capillaries

29
Q

How are blood vessels and nephrons arranged?

A

situated in a countercurrent exchange

increases the efficiency of exchange between the fluids

30
Q

What ensures that water can always be absorbed?

A

Salt and Urea form a osmotic gradient in the kidney

water always exits filtrate since the kidney tissue is always hyperosmotic

31
Q

In what direction does osmolarity increase?

A

moving inward from cortex to medulla

32
Q

How does blood pressure affect nephron excretory function?

A

forces fluid from the glomerulus into Bowman’s Capsule

33
Q

What do the semipermeable membranes between capillaries and epithelium do?

A

filtrates based on size

allows: salts, glucose, amino acid, nitrogenous waste, and small molecules
blocks: RBCs and large molecules

BIOL 005B (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions