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BIOL 005B > Protists > Flashcards

Protists Flashcards

1
Q

What are protists?

A

Eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, fungi

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2
Q

What do eukaryotes have that prokaryotes don’t?

A

large cell diameter, large genome, nucleus, complex cytoskeleton, many membrane-bound organelles

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3
Q

How did eukaryotes originate?

A

They were once prokaryotes whose membrane infolds to form the nuclear envelope and ER. They eventually engulfed a Aerobic Heterotophic Prokaryote (uses O2) and develops into the Mitochondria. They also engulfed a plastid (Photosynthetic Prokaryote) and developed into chloroplast.

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4
Q

What is evidence that Eukaryotes contain prokaryotes?

A

The mitochondria and chloroplast still retain their own DNA chromosomes.
They have a double membrane (result of engulfment)
They have membrane proteins

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5
Q

What is horizontal gene transfer?

A

the movement of genes from one genome to the other

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6
Q

What is a symbiotic relationship?

A

Both of the organisms benefit from each other

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7
Q

What is endosymbiosis?

A

A organisms lives inside another

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8
Q

What is developed from secondary endosymbiosis?

A

the diverse group of protists

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9
Q

What are the four superclades of the Eukarya Domain?

A 
Excavata
SAR
Archaeplastida
Unikonta
These four branches make a polytomy
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10
Q

What are the structural characteristics of protists?

A

Mostly unicellular, but some live in colonies or are multicellular

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11
Q

What types of motility do protists have?

A 
Flagellar
Cilia
Pseudopodal
Crawling
Swimming
Sessile (immobile)
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12
Q

What are the types of protists metabolism?

A

Photoautotrophs (use photosynthesis)
Heterotrophs (absorb organic molecules)
Mixotrophs (use light and food)

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13
Q

Describe the Excavata Clade.

A 
use Flagella for locomotion
Flagella are extensions of cytoskeleton and cytoplasm
Some have light receptors
Some use chloroplast to photosynthesize
Some are parasitic or pathogenic
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14
Q

What are some species in the Stramenopiles?

A

Diatoms: remove CO2
Golden Algae: member of plankton
Brown Algae: Multicellular seaweeds

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15
Q

What are some species in the Aveolates?

A

Ciliates: use cilia (arms that bend) for motion
Apicomplexans: all parasites (malaria causing)
Dinoflagellates: large blooms cause “red tide”

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16
Q

What are some species in the Rhizarians?

A

Radiolarians

Amoebas

17
Q

Describe the Archaeplastida Clade?

A

Both unicellular and multicellular
all photosynthetic
includes seaweeds like Red and Green Algae
Includes the plant Kingdom

18
Q

What species are in the Unikonta Clade?

A

Amoebozoans
Choanoflagellates
Fungi
Animals

19
Q

What is the syncytial model?

A

a multinucleate cell compartmentalizes into multiple cells some of which differentiate and specialize

20
Q

What is the coloniality model?

A

a uninuclear cell forms a big colony of genetically identical cells, some of which differentiate and specialize

BIOL 005B (27 decks)

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