Thermodynamics Flashcards
energy of the molecules
comprising the substance.
Internal energy
Kinetic and potential energy
associated with a substance
Internal energy
Energy influenced by macroscopic position, configuration, or motion
External energy
Divides the system and the surroundings
Boundary
System
Surroundings
does not permit the transfer of matter between the system and its
surroundings
Closed system
Open system
Properties that depend on quantity of materials
Extensive properties
Properties independent of the quantity of
material
intensive properties
A static condition, the absence of change
Equilibrium
Any tendency toward change is caused by a ____
driving force
Explain reversible processes
*A process is reversible when its direction can be reversed at any point by an infinitesimal change in external conditions.
*Ideal in that it produces maximum work with minimum amount of effort
*Frictionless
Explain steady-state processes
conditions within the control volume
do not change with time
homogeneous region of matter
Phase
The ______ at equilibrium is established when its temperature, pressure, and the compositions of all phases are fixed.
intensive state of a system
Where two phases coexist in
equilibrium.
Region
Coexisting phases are connected by the horizontal segment of the isotherm
Saturated
Basis of PVT diagrams
Equation of state
Relates pressure, molar or specific volume, and temperature for a pure homogeneous fluid at equilibrium.
Equation of state
Relates pressure, molar or specific volume, and temperature for a pure homogeneous fluid at equilibrium.
Relates pressure, molar or specific volume, and temperature for a pure homogeneous fluid at equilibrium.
Fluid with both compressibility and expansivity constants equal to zero
incompressible fluid
Validity of Ideal Gas Law
P=0, T=infinite
Measure of the deviation of the real-gas molar volume from its ideal-gas value
compressibility factor
PV/RT
compressibility factor
A mixture in which the composition of coexisting vapor and liquid phases are the same
Azeotropic mixture
Entropy
Measure of disorder within a system.
