Crystallization

Question 1

Crystallization

Answer 1

Solid-fluid separation process where the solid particles are formed from a homogeneous phase.

Question 2

Crystal

Answer 2

highly organized type of matter

Question 3

Solubility

Answer 3

*parts solute / 100 parts solvent
*maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of a solvent at a given temperature.

Question 4

Supersaturation

Answer 4

Quantity of solids actually present in the solution compared to the quantity that is in equilibrium with the solution.

Question 5

Homogeneous or Primary Nucleation

Answer 5

*Molecules may come together and associate into a cluster.
*If supersaturation is high enough

Question 6

Heterogeneous Nucleation

Answer 6

*Contact Nucleation
*Formation of new nuclei is due to the interference of the contacting agent (walls of the container or agitator blades)

Question 7

Secondary Nucleation

Answer 7

*Contact Nucleation
*Formation of new nuclei occurs in collisions between crystals.

Question 8

What are the mechanisms of crystallization?

Answer 8

1. Cooling
2. Evaporation
3. Adiabatic (Vacuum Evaporation)

Question 9

CRYSTALLIZATION MECHANISM:
Oslo Crystallizer

Answer 9

Evaporation

Question 10

CRYSTALLIZATION MECHANISM:
Vacuum Crystallizers

Answer 10

Adiabatic Evaporation with Cooling
*Heat sensitive

Question 11

CRYSTALLIZATION MECHANISM:
Swenson-Walker Crystallizers

Answer 11

Cooling

Question 12

CRYSTALLIZATION MECHANISM:
Agitated Batch Coolers

Answer 12

Cooling

Question 13

CRYSTALLIZATION MECHANISM:
Pan Coolers

Answer 13

Cooling

Question 14

Crystallizer using Evaporation

Answer 14

Oslo Crystallizer

Question 15

MSMPR

Answer 15

*Mixed-Suspension Mixed-Product Removal
*Basis for identifying kinetic parameters *Applied to calculate the performance of the crystallizer.

Question 16

Seeding

Answer 16

Process of adding homogeneous or heterogeneous crystals to a crystallizing solution to nucleate and/or grow more crystals.

Question 17

Crystallization of solids from a homogeneous solution is a/an __________ process.

Answer 17

exothermic

Question 18

During crystallization, formation of crystal can occur in __________ solution only.

Answer 18

supersaturated

Question 19

McCabe Δ L law states that ____

Answer 19

*All crystals growth in same temperature and supersaturation HENCE
*Crystal growth does not depend on crystal size

Question 20

Used for material with solubility independent of temperature

Answer 20

Crystalizing evaporator

Question 21

Nucleation

Answer 21

Formation of new solid phase either on inert particle or solution itself

Question 22

Magma

Answer 22

Two phase product of crystallization

Question 23

Saturated Solution (Crystallization)

Answer 23

Equilibrium concentration of solute and solvent

Question 24

Eutectic Mixture

Answer 24

Mixture with melting point lower than its constituents
*Salt used to melt Ice

Question 25

Common Charts used for Crystallization calculations

Answer 25

*Phase Diagrams
*Enthalpy-Concentration Diagrams