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Civil Law > HSE > Flashcards

HSE Flashcards

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1
Q

Deadheading

A

Blockage on discharge side of the pump results in the flow reducing to zero and an increase in the discharge pressure.

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2
Q

Stages of Design

A
  1. Possible design
  2. Feasible design
  3. Probable design
  4. Best design
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3
Q

Cavitation

A

Occurs when the liquid in a pump turns to a vapor at low pressure.

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4
Q

Reverse flow

A

Manifest into the form of sporadic pipeline vibrations, media contamination or physical damage.

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5
Q

Pumps

A

Impart pressure and temperature to move fluids from one point to another

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6
Q

Runaway reactions

A

*Uncontrollable accelerating exothermic reactions
*Increased temperature and pressure

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7
Q

Lower flammability limit

A

Minimum concentration of fuel vapor in air in a pre-mixed flame that can sustain combustion

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8
Q

Upper flammability limit

A

Maximum concentration of fuel vapor in air in a pre-mixed flame that can sustain combustion

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9
Q

Importance of UFL and LFL

A

Flammable atmospheric between UFL and LFL

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10
Q

Stoichiometric ratio

A

Optimum theoretical mix of fuel and air to achieve complete combustion of that fuel

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11
Q

Explain Fire modeling

A

analytical process of estimating the behavior of a fire event in terms of the heat flux impinging material near the fire and behavior of those materials as a result of that.

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12
Q

Fire requires presence of:

A

Fuel
Oxygen
Heat

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13
Q

Visible (light-emitting) part of a fire.

A

Flame

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14
Q

Buoyant stream of heated air and combustion products rising above a fire

A

Fire plume

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15
Q

Breakdown of the molecules of a solid material from exposure to heat into gaseous molecules that may combust in the flame.

A

Pyrolysis

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16
Q

Slow combustion process without visible flames that occurs in a porous solid fuel

A

Smoldering

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17
Q

Meaning of IDLH

A

Immediately Detrimental to Life and Health

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18
Q

Meaning of LFL

A

Lower flammability limit

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19
Q

Barriers that hinder the operator’s hands or fingers from entering the point of action.

A

Machine Guarding

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20
Q

Safety feature triggered through the movement of either movable machine or perimeter

A

Interlocks

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21
Q

Flash point

A

Lowest temperature at which a liquid can gives off vapor to form an ignitable mixture in air near the surface of the liquid.

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22
Q

Boiling point

A

Temperature at which the pressure exerted by the surroundings upon a liquid is equaled by the pressure exerted by the vapor

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23
Q

Flammable vs Combustible

A

*Flammable - liquid ignites quickly
*Combustible - vapor ignites quickly

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24
Q

Refers to a material’s resistance to corrosion, rust or stains when it comes in contact with a chemical.

A

Material Compatibility

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25
Q

Explain BLEVE

A

Occurs when the pressurized liquid inside a vessel reaches temperatures higher than that liquid’s boiling point. If the vessel can no longer contain the pressure inside of the sealed tank due to the high temperatures, it will mechanically fail, causing the explosion.

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26
Q

Done by connecting two or more conductive objects are connected by means of a conductor so that they are at the same electrical potential.

A

Bonding

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27
Q

Grounding

A

Process of bonding one or more conductive objects to the earth so that they are all at zero electrical potential.

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28
Q

Meaning of LFL

A

Lower flammability limit

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29
Q

Auto-ignition temperature

A

Lowest temperature at which chemical spontaneously ignite at atmospheric pressure without external heat source

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30
Q

Wind rose

A

Map diagram that summarizes information about the wind at a particular location over a specified time period.

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31
Q

PIPE COLORS:
Red

A

Fire Quenching Fluids

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32
Q

PIPE COLORS:
Yellow

A

Flammable and Oxidizing

33
Q

PIPE COLORS:
Orange

A

Toxic and Corrosive

34
Q

PIPE COLORS:
Green

A

Water

35
Q

PIPE COLORS:
Blue

A

Air

36
Q

PIPE COLORS:
Brown

A

Combustible

37
Q

Flow-Induced Vibrations

A

Vibrations due to high turbulence and flow velocities

38
Q

Ways to Reduce Flow Induced Vibrations

A

*High flowrate
*Increase pipe schedule
*Use dampeners

39
Q

Erosional Velocity

A

*v = C / sqrt(density)
*Velocity at which erosion starts in multiphase flow

40
Q

NPSHa Equation

A

NPSHa = P,inlet - Vapor pressure

41
Q

NPSHa Requirement?

A

*NPSHa > NPSHr + 3ft
*NPSHa > 1.5 * NPSHr

42
Q

Flow-Induced Vibrations

A

Due to high flow velocities such as in a piping dead leg of a centrifugal compressor system.

43
Q

What is in a Control Narrative?
Importance?

A
  • Describes the control philosophy, process variables and control descriptions.
  • Makes P&ID instrumentation easier to understand
44
Q

Control Step-by-Step

A
  1. Sense - measure
  2. Compare - against setpoint
  3. Affect / Respond - the controlled variable
45
Q

What is included in your Control Narrative?

A

*Step-by-step process
*Setpoints and Design Parameters
*Instruments and Codes
*Control Schematics

46
Q

What is included in your HSE study?

A

*Simulated HAZOP Noding
*Material Compatibility
*Proper Clearances
*Bonding and Grounding
*Temperature Rating
*Wind Rose
*Emergency Exits
*Effluent Disposal

47
Q

What NPFA standards did you use?

A

NPFA 1 - Fire Safety
NFPA 70 - Electrical Safety
NFPA 231 - General Storage Standards

48
Q

Hazard and Operability Analysis

A

Structured and systematic technique for system examination and risk management.

49
Q

Hazard Identification

A

Procedure used to uncover and identify hazards in the workplace.

50
Q

Hazard

A

Any source of potential harm or damage to humans, to property, to the environment or a combination of these.

51
Q

Risk

A

Risk = Hazard * Exposure
- Possibility of disaster happening if exposed to a hazard.
- Chance that the person will be harmed or injured, the environment will be affected or the property will be damaged if exposed to the hazard.

52
Q

What are HAZOP Nodes?

A

*Way to break up sections where significant changes in the process takes place
*Nodes
*Section / Equipment
*High, Low, etc.
*Parameters (Pressure, Temperature, etc.)
*Cause and Effect
*Mitigation and Prevention

53
Q

Safeguard

A

Safety device that either interrupt the chain of events or reduce the severity of a consequence.

54
Q

MSDS

A

Material Safety Data Sheet
* Document that contains information on the potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity and environmental) and how to work safely with the chemical product.

55
Q

Importance of P&ID

A

*Multidisciplinary document
*Allows generation of other documents, (including piping isometric drawings, the piping model, equipment and instrument lists, cause‐and‐effect diagrams, control philosophy, etc.)

56
Q

Sparing Philosophy:
1. 1×100%
2. 2×100%
3. 4×33%

A
  1. 1×100%
    1 Operating, 0 Spare
  2. 2×100%
    1 Operating, 1 Spare
  3. 4×33%
    3 Operating, 1 Spare
57
Q

Process Guard Layers

A
  1. Basic Process Control System (BPCS)
  2. Alarm
    *High and Low
  3. Safety Instrumented System (SIS)
    *High-high and Low-low
  4. Relief
    *High structural integrity level
58
Q

Material Safety Data Sheet

A

Document that contains information on the potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity and environmental) and how to work safely with the chemical product.

59
Q

What is a Split Range Control?

A

Used when a single controller is employed to control two final-control elements (two valves for example).

60
Q

Cascade control

A

Consists of combining two feedback loops
Output of one controller (the primary controller) adjusting the set-point of a second controller (the secondary controller)

61
Q

How to increase NPSHa?

A
  1. Raise suction vessel/ liquid level
  2. Lower fluid temperature (decrease vapor pressure)
  3. Pressurize suction vessel
  4. Reduce friction
    *Increase suction diameter
    *All valves should be open
    *Add filter/strainer
62
Q

Storage Tank Concepts
a. Shapes

A

*Dome Shaped - for high pressures
*Floating Roof - volatile liquids

63
Q

Storage Tank Concepts
b. Manway vs Handhole

A

Manway - When shoulder width (2 ft) can fit in tank

64
Q

Storage Tank Concepts
c. Recommended Dimensions

A

Based on National Board Standards

65
Q

Storage Tank Concepts
d.Breathing

A

Inflow and outflow of air and vapor through a vessel

66
Q

Spherical Storage Tank

A

*Used in gasoline and fuels

67
Q

Breathing loss

A

Losses of vapor from tank through vapor expansion and contraction

68
Q

Siphon Breaker

A

Prevents siphon effect

69
Q

Vortex Breaker

A

Prevents vortices

70
Q

Vacuum and Pressure Protection

A

*Vacuum Protection
-Vacuum Breaker / Vacuum Relief Valve

*Pressure Protection
-Pressure Safety Valve

71
Q

Tank Blanketting

A

*Introducing inert gas (nitrogen) to tank
*Increase tank pressure
*Eliminate explosive atmosphere inside tank
*Minimize escape of volatile gas

72
Q

Steam Trap

A

Automatic valve that filters out condensate (i.e. condensed steam) and non-condensable gases such as air without letting steam escape

73
Q

Runaway Reaction

A

Great acceleration of reaction rate that it becomes impossible to control.

74
Q

Controlled Variable vs Manipulated Variable

A

*Controlled Variable
-Variable compared to setpoint

*Manipulated Variable
-Variable manipulated by final control element

75
Q

Differentiate BFD, PFD, and P&ID

A

*BFD
-simplest diagram
-proper sequence of processes
-mass balances

*PFD
-instrumentation (not detailed)
-equipment and their interconnectivity

*P&ID
-equipment and line sizes
-tagging
-process and design temperatures and pressure
-design pressure and temperature
-control loops and instrumentation

76
Q

Purge

A

*Materials that are bled off the process

77
Q

*Bypass

A

*Materials that skip through process/es

78
Q

Why engineers overdesign?

A

-Provide flexibility in the process
-Minimize upset during procedures

78
Q

Safety factor

A

*used by engineers to overdesign

Civil Law (31 decks)

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