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Bioscience > ThermodynamicConcepts&Equations > Flashcards

ThermodynamicConcepts&Equations Flashcards

1
Q

the equation for Celcius to Kelvin

A

Celcius plus 273.15

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2
Q

What is 0 degrees celsius in Kelvin

A

273.15K

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3
Q

What is 32 degrees Fahrenheit in Kelvin

A

273.15K

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4
Q

What is 32 degrees Fahrenheit in Celcius

A

0 C

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5
Q

equation from Fahrenheit to Celsius

A

C= 5/9(F-32)

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6
Q

Equation from Celsius to Fahrenheit

A

F=9/5C + 32

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7
Q

Is thermal energy kinetic or potential

A

Kinetic. Molecules are moving around which changes the amount of energy in a system

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8
Q

is gravitational energy potential or kinetic

A

Potential

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9
Q

Is mechanical energy potential or kinetic

A

BOTH

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10
Q

How is temperature measured?

A

in Celcius, Fahrenheit, and usually Kelvin

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11
Q

What is temperature?

A

A measure of the AVERAGE kinetic energy within a medium/system.

an arbitrary measure of the amount of energy within a solid, liquid, or gas

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12
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

A measure of the TOTAL amount of energy that exists in a system. A measure of TOTAL kinetic energy of the particles in a moving system.

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13
Q

How is thermal energy measured?

A

Joules (J) = kg x m^2/s^2

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14
Q

How is heat measured

A

joules

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15
Q

What is the symbol for heat, a form of thermal energy

A

q

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16
Q

What is heat

A

the flow of thermal energy. Thermal energy being transferred from a hot object to a colder one.

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17
Q

What is Internal Energy (U)

A

the amount of CHEMICAL energy that is stored in a substance.
The SUM of:
stored chemical energy in atoms (both PE and KE), stored chemical energy in molecules(chemical bonds), and stored chemical energy between molecules (intermolecular)

18
Q

Internal Energy is also known as

A

“heat content”

19
Q

Main concept of The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

A

Equiliburum

20
Q

Main concept of The First Law of Thermodynamics

A

Conservation

21
Q

Main concept of The Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

Entropy (disorder)

22
Q

Main concept of The Third Law of Thermodynamics

A

residual entropy, derived from second law

23
Q

The Zero Law states what about heat flow

A

At thermal equilibrium, there is NO net heat flow.

24
Q

Would hot or cold air have more kinetic energy? why?

A

Hot. Particles moving around faster

25
Q

Would hot or cold air have more entropy? Why?

A

Hot. More movement of particles means more chaos.

26
Q

Would hot or cold air have less entropy? Why?

A

Cold. slower moving particles, more organized means less entropy.

27
Q

What gas equation can be derived from the understanding the zeroth law of thermodynamics?

A

p1v1/n1 = p2v2/n2

Because when T is constant, PV=nRT can become PV/n = RT

28
Q

Describe the first law of thermodynamics

A

Total energy in an isolated system is CONSTANT even when the system is changed from one phase to another.

100J in a system will always be 100J. But the ratio can change. you have 60J heat and 40J work, or 50/50. It will always be 100 for that system.

Also, if average kinetic energy goes up (temperature), then total KE will also go up (thermal energy)

29
Q

What is the relationship between
C (specific heat) and DeltaT (change in Tf-Ti) in the equation q=mC(deltaT)

A

Specific heat and delta T are inversely related. A substance with a Higher Specific Heat will have a smaller change in temperature.

A substance with a lower specific heat will have a larger temperature change.

30
Q

What is the equation for: change in internal energy of a system

A

DeltaU = Q +/- W

31
Q

Q is greater than 0 when?

A

Energy flows into the system. Endothermic process.

32
Q

An endothermic process has energy that flows?

A

Into the system (+)

33
Q

Q is less than 0 when?

A

Energy flows out of the system and into the surrounds. Exothermic Process

34
Q

An exothermic process has energy that?

A

Flows out of the system (-)

35
Q

W is greater than zero (+) when? Give an example.

A

Work is done by the system to the surroundings. Such as gas expansion.

36
Q

W is less than zero (-) when? Give an example

A

Work is done on the system by the surroundings, such as compression of a gas with the piston. (diaphgram contraction?)

37
Q

When heat is being added to the system, Q is positive or negative?

A

Positive - endothermic

38
Q

When heat is leaving the system and escaping to the surroundings, Q is positive or negative?

A

Negative - exothermic

39
Q

Bing

A

Bong

40
Q

If deltaU is negative, what does that mean regarding the system’s temperature?

A

Temperature is decreasing

Bioscience (17 decks)

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