Ch 11 Organic Compounds Flashcards
What is the simplest Alkane
Methane. CH4
Alkane functional group structure
C-C (with ONLY hydrogens as R groups)
CH4, C2H6, C3H8, etc
Name 6 Alkanes
MethANE (1C)
EthANE (2C)
PropANE (3C)
ButANE (4C)
PentANE (5C)
HeptANE (7C)
What is the molecule?
Pentane
Are alkane chains flexible or rigid?
Flexible. It can have a large number of conformations.
What are two conformations of Butane?
What is an Alkyl group?
What is the alkyl group of one carbon?
An alkane minus one hydrogen.
Methyl CH3-
Name the alkyl group
Isopropyl
What is the isomer of propyl?
Isopropyl
What is an isomer?
Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula, but different arrangements of atoms.
How can you tell the difference between an alkane and an alkyl group in line structures?
Alkanes do not have R groups. They are carbon and hydrogen only.
As your carbon backbone or (R group) becomes larger, does the molecule become more or less polar?
Less polar. Becomes even more hydrophobic.
What are four hydrocarbon functional groups? What chemical property do they share?
Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatics
All flammable.
What is the generic formula for a saturated Alkane?
CnH2n+2
What does it mean to be a saturated molecule?
Contain maximum number of hydrogen atoms for a given number of carbons.
Are compounds that have double bonds or form rings saturated or unsaturated?
Unsaturated. Forming double bonds or rings “costs” hydrogens.
What is the simplest alkene?
Ethene
Are alkenes more or less flexible than alkanes?
Less. Double bond restricts the rotation of carbons.
What is sterioisomerism?
What does cis-trans isomerism look like?
Form of isomerism in which molecules have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space.
Are Alkenes or Alkanes more reactive?
Alkenes
Are trans or cis double bonds more stable? aka harder to break
Trans. source for trans fat
Simplest Alkyne
Ethyne, C2H2
When a benzene ring is added to a compound, what is it called?
a phenyl group
Haloalkanes are commonly used in?
Inhalation anesthetics
What are organohalogens?
Organic compounds that contain one OR more halogen atoms (group 7a)
What are the halogen atoms used in organohalogens
F, Cl, Br, I
A halogen added to an alkane creates a?
Haloalkane
If the R group, attached to an alcohol has 3 or less carbons, is the molecule soluble or insoluble in water?
Soluble.
Aromatic alcohols (benzene + OH) are commonly called?
Phenols
What IV anesthetic contains a phenol and 2 isopropyl groups?
Propofol
Is propofol soluble in water?
no, there are 12 carbons and one alcohol group. propofol is an emulsion of soybean oil and water.
Most contemporary inhalation anesthetics are?
Name 4
Halogenated Ethers
-Enflurane
-Sevoflurane
-Desflurane
-Isoflurane
Are ethers generally stable or reactive?
Stable, nonreactive
What functional group is derived from Ammonia?
Amines
What is considered the most soluble functional group?
Amines
How do Amines react when placed in a system with an acid?
Acts as a base and accepts a proton. Making it the conjugate acid.
The more hydrogen bonds a molecule has the more _____ it is in water
Soluble
Amines play a critical role in two processes within the human body; name them
DNA and protein synthesis
What does it mean to be a heteroaromatic compound?
Heteroaromatic compounds have one or more atoms other than carbon in the ring.
The conjugate acid of an amine is called? What is its relationship with water?
an ammonium salt. Much more soluble than the neutral base.
Functional groups based on/off water
Alcohols, Amines, Ethers
Describe what occurs in an oxidation reaction of organic compounds
There is an increasing number of bonds to an oxygen atom, usually accompanied by a decrease in bonds of hydrogen atoms
Describe what occurs in a reduction reaction of organic compounds.
There is a decreased number of bonds to an oxygen atom, usually accompanied by an increase in bonds to hydrogen atoms
Alcohols are oxidized to give?
Ketones or Aldehydes
Aldehydes and Ketones are reduced to form?
Alcohols
