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Bioscience > Ch 11 Organic Compounds > Flashcards

Ch 11 Organic Compounds Flashcards

1
Q

What is the simplest Alkane

A

Methane. CH4

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2
Q

Alkane functional group structure

A

C-C (with ONLY hydrogens as R groups)
CH4, C2H6, C3H8, etc

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3
Q

Name 6 Alkanes

A

MethANE (1C)
EthANE (2C)
PropANE (3C)
ButANE (4C)
PentANE (5C)
HeptANE (7C)

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4
Q

What is the molecule?

A

Pentane

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5
Q

Are alkane chains flexible or rigid?

A

Flexible. It can have a large number of conformations.

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6
Q

What are two conformations of Butane?

A
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7
Q

What is an Alkyl group?
What is the alkyl group of one carbon?

A

An alkane minus one hydrogen.
Methyl CH3-

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8
Q

Name the alkyl group

A

Isopropyl

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9
Q

What is the isomer of propyl?

A

Isopropyl

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10
Q

What is an isomer?

A

Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula, but different arrangements of atoms.

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11
Q

How can you tell the difference between an alkane and an alkyl group in line structures?

A

Alkanes do not have R groups. They are carbon and hydrogen only.

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12
Q

As your carbon backbone or (R group) becomes larger, does the molecule become more or less polar?

A

Less polar. Becomes even more hydrophobic.

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13
Q

What are four hydrocarbon functional groups? What chemical property do they share?

A

Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromatics
All flammable.

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14
Q

What is the generic formula for a saturated Alkane?

A

CnH2n+2

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15
Q

What does it mean to be a saturated molecule?

A

Contain maximum number of hydrogen atoms for a given number of carbons.

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16
Q

Are compounds that have double bonds or form rings saturated or unsaturated?

A

Unsaturated. Forming double bonds or rings “costs” hydrogens.

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17
Q

What is the simplest alkene?

A

Ethene

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18
Q

Are alkenes more or less flexible than alkanes?

A

Less. Double bond restricts the rotation of carbons.

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19
Q

What is sterioisomerism?
What does cis-trans isomerism look like?

A

Form of isomerism in which molecules have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space.

20
Q

Are Alkenes or Alkanes more reactive?

A

Alkenes

21
Q

Are trans or cis double bonds more stable? aka harder to break

A

Trans. source for trans fat

22
Q

Simplest Alkyne

A

Ethyne, C2H2

23
Q

When a benzene ring is added to a compound, what is it called?

A

a phenyl group

24
Q

Haloalkanes are commonly used in?

A

Inhalation anesthetics

25
Q

What are organohalogens?

A

Organic compounds that contain one OR more halogen atoms (group 7a)

25
Q

What are the halogen atoms used in organohalogens

A

F, Cl, Br, I

26
Q

A halogen added to an alkane creates a?

A

Haloalkane

27
Q

If the R group, attached to an alcohol has 3 or less carbons, is the molecule soluble or insoluble in water?

A

Soluble.

28
Q

Aromatic alcohols (benzene + OH) are commonly called?

A

Phenols

29
Q

What IV anesthetic contains a phenol and 2 isopropyl groups?

A

Propofol

30
Q

Is propofol soluble in water?

A

no, there are 12 carbons and one alcohol group. propofol is an emulsion of soybean oil and water.

31
Q

Most contemporary inhalation anesthetics are?
Name 4

A

Halogenated Ethers
-Enflurane
-Sevoflurane
-Desflurane
-Isoflurane

32
Q

Are ethers generally stable or reactive?

A

Stable, nonreactive

33
Q

What functional group is derived from Ammonia?

A

Amines

34
Q

What is considered the most soluble functional group?

A

Amines

35
Q

How do Amines react when placed in a system with an acid?

A

Acts as a base and accepts a proton. Making it the conjugate acid.

36
Q

The more hydrogen bonds a molecule has the more _____ it is in water

A

Soluble

37
Q

Amines play a critical role in two processes within the human body; name them

A

DNA and protein synthesis

38
Q

What does it mean to be a heteroaromatic compound?

A

Heteroaromatic compounds have one or more atoms other than carbon in the ring.

39
Q

The conjugate acid of an amine is called? What is its relationship with water?

A

an ammonium salt. Much more soluble than the neutral base.

40
Q

Functional groups based on/off water

A

Alcohols, Amines, Ethers

41
Q

Describe what occurs in an oxidation reaction of organic compounds

A

There is an increasing number of bonds to an oxygen atom, usually accompanied by a decrease in bonds of hydrogen atoms

42
Q

Describe what occurs in a reduction reaction of organic compounds.

A

There is a decreased number of bonds to an oxygen atom, usually accompanied by an increase in bonds to hydrogen atoms

43
Q

Alcohols are oxidized to give?

A

Ketones or Aldehydes

44
Q

Aldehydes and Ketones are reduced to form?

A

Alcohols

Bioscience (17 decks)

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