Ch 8 - Solubility

Question 1

Why is anesthetic emergence prolonged in the hypothermic patient?

Answer 1

Solubility and Temperature have an inverse relationship. Hypothermic patient means the solubility of the gas is increased, so less of the gas leaves the body per unit time.

Question 2

Why is CO2 more soluble than O2?

Answer 2

CO2 has more oxygen polarity available to hydrogen bond with water within the blood.

Question 3

Why does a higher temperature result in decreased solubility of a GAS?

Answer 3

At higher temperatures, molecules are moving faster and less likely to dissolve.

Question 4

How are gas molarity and temperature related?

Answer 4

As temp increases, molarity (aka concentration) decreases because gases tend to expand when heated

Question 5

Percent weight-to-volume (% w/v) is defined as?

Answer 5

grams of solute per 100 mL of solution.

Question 6

Percent by weight (% w/w) is defined as

Answer 6

grams of solute per 100 g of solution.

Question 7

Normality (N) is defined as

Answer 7

the equivalents (Eq) of solute per liter of solution.

Equivalents of a metal ion = (moles of metal ion) × (ionic charge)

Question 8

Parts per million (ppm) is defined as

Answer 8

grams of solute per one million grams of solvent

ppm = g solute / 1x10^6 g solution

Question 9

A saturated solution contains a solute at

Answer 9

a concentration equal to its solubility.

Question 10

A supersaturated solution contains a concentration of solute

Answer 10

greater than its solubility limit. Supersaturated solutions are not stable, and the excess solute will precipitate out of solution.

Question 11

If the absolute value of the lattice energy is greater than the absolute value of the solvation energy?

Answer 11

then the solution process will be endothermic, and dissolution of the solute causes the solution to become colder

Question 12

If the absolute value of the lattice energy is less than the absolute value of the solvation energy?

Answer 12

the solution process will be exothermic, and dissolution of the solute causes the solution to become warmer

Question 13

Increasing temperature does what to a gases solubility?

Answer 13

Decreases. Higher temperatures have faster-moving gas particles that will not dissolve.

Question 14

As solute concentration increases, vapor pressure of a solution will?

Answer 14

Decrease. More solute, more traffic, molecules cant get through to release into atmosphere.

Question 15

As solute concentration increases, boiling point of a solution will?

Answer 15

Increase. To boil, the vapor pressure of a solution must equal ambient pressure. With an increase in solute, vapor pressure lowers, to boil, more energy must be added to solution to bring VP back to ambient pressure

Question 16

As solute concentration increases, freezing point of a solution will?

Answer 16

Decrease. More solute interferes with lattice strcuture formation. You need to slow aka cool the solution even more to make things settle into place.

Question 17

As solute concentration increases, the osmotic pressure of a solution will?

Answer 17

Increase! The most dramatic effect of colligative properties. As solute increases, water concentration decreases creating a more significant osmotic gradient for water to diffuse.